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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2026-2-94-100</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-2349</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Геномная характеристика и филогения штамма Burkholderia pseudomallei И-16, возбудителя первого диагностированного заносного случая мелиоидоза в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genomic Characteristics and Phylogeny of the Burkholderia pseudomallei I-16 Strain, the Causative Agent of the First Imported Case of Melioidosis in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7808-7658</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400066, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zib279@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2847-5177</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чирсков</surname><given-names>П. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chirskov</surname><given-names>P. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400066, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бартенева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barteneva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400066, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-4657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Топорков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toporkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>400066, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400066</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Волгоградский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd Plague Control Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захарова И.Б., Чирсков П.Р., Бартенева М.В., Топорков А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захарова И.Б., Чирсков П.Р., Бартенева М.В., Топорков А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharova I.B., Chirskov P.R., Barteneva M.V., Toporkov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2349">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2349</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – выявление генетических особенностей и определение филогенетических связей штамма Burkholderia pseudomallei И-16, выделенного из секционного образца в Иркутской области в 2024 г. при случае летального молниеносного мелиоидоза, завезенного из Таиланда. Материалы и методы. Молекулярногенетический анализ генома B. pseudomallei И-16 в сравнении с 34 геномами из публичных баз данных проводили с использованием ресурсов PubMLST, IslandViewer 4, NGphylogeny и iTOL v6. Результаты и обсуждение. Показано, что B. pseudomallei И-16 относится к достаточно редкому и ограниченно распространенному сиквенстипу ST23. Филогенетический анализ на основании анализа конкатенированных последовательностей схемы cgMLST показал кластеризацию B. pseudomallei И-16 в одну кладу со штаммами из Таиланда, Лаоса и Камбоджи; ближайшие штаммы DR10212A и 708а таиландского происхождения отличались от И-16 соответственно на 820 и 958 локусов основного генома. В составе генома B. pseudomallei И-16 обнаружены одна вероятная интегрированная плазмида и три профага. Проведенный анализ наличия вариабельно присутствующих у возбудителя мелиоидоза факторов вирулентности на предсказанных у B. pseudomallei И-16 MGEs показал наличие пар «эффектор – иммунитет» – T6SS-связанного эффектора TOX-REase-5 и нейтрализующего его белка, ДНК-дезаминазного токсина DddA и нейтрализующего белка CdiI. Кроме того, обнаружены кластеры генов T6SS и T4SS, эффекторы T3SS HrpK и ChbP, гены фактора вирулентности TspB и токсина Zot, адгезинов семейства YadA – BoaA и BpaС, дельта-токсина семейства Cry8Ea1 и его секреторного белка VirK, гены белка секреции/активации гемолизина семейства ShlB/FhaC/HecB и нитевидного гемагглютинина fhaB3. Таким образом, у исследованного штамма B. pseudomallei И-16 в геноме имеется достаточно представительный дополнительный набор генов факторов вирулентности, приобретенных путем горизонтального переноса, что является наиболее вероятной причиной его высокой вирулентности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was to identify genetic features and determine the phylogenetic relationships of Burkholderia pseudomallei I-16 strain, isolated from post-mortem sample in Irkutsk Region in 2024 from a case of flash lethal melioidosis imported from Thailand. Materials and methods. Molecular-genetic analysis of the B. pseudomallei I-16 genome was performed in comparison with 34 genomes from public databases using PubMLST, IslandViewer 4, NGphylogeny, and iTOL v6. Results and discussion. B. pseudomallei I-16 was assigned to the rather rare and geographically restricted sequence type ST23. Phylogenetic analysis based on the core genome concatenated sequences showed clustering of B. pseudomallei I-16 in a single clade with strains from Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia; the closest strains, DR10212A and 708a of Thailand origin, differed from I-16 by 820 and 958 core genome loci, respectively. One probable integrated plasmid and three prophages were detected in the B. pseudomallei I-16 genome. Analysis of variably present B. pseudomallei virulence factors on the predicted MGEs of B. pseudomallei I-16 revealed the effector-immunity pairs: the T6SS-linked effector TOX-REase-5 and its neutralizing protein, the DNA deaminase toxin DddA and the neutralizing protein CdiI. In addition, clusters of the T6SS and T4SS genes, the T3SS effectors HrpK and ChbP, the genes encoding the virulence factor TspB and the Zot toxin, the YadA family adhesins BoaA and BpaC, the delta-toxin of the Cry8Ea1 family and its secretory protein VirK, the genes encoding the hemolysin secretion/activation protein ShlB/FhaC/HecB, and the filamentous hemagglutinin fhaB3 were detected. This indicates that the I-16 strain possesses a sufficiently representative additional set of virulence factor genes acquired through horizontal transfer, which is the most likely cause of the high virulence of the B. pseudomallei I-16 strain.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>B. pseudomallei</kwd><kwd>мелиоидоз</kwd><kwd>горизонтальный перенос генов</kwd><kwd>cgMLST</kwd><kwd>филогения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>B. pseudomallei</kwd><kwd>melioidosis</kwd><kwd>horizontal gene transfer</kwd><kwd>cgMLST</kwd><kwd>phylogeny</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meumann E.M., Limmathurotsakul D., Dunachie S.J., Wiersinga W.J., Currie B.J. Burkholderia pseudomallei and melioidosis. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2024; 22(3):155–69. 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