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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2026-2-131-139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-2354</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ системы секреции 6-го типа нетоксигенных штаммов Vibrio cholerae О1 биовара Эль Тор и их конкурентные особенности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of Type 6 Secretion System in Non-Toxigenic Strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 Biovar El Tor and Their Competitive Features</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-166X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кураташвили</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuratashvili</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-3765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Челдышова</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheldyshova</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7190-4427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7525-9682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергутин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergutin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9190-099X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нарышкина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naryshkina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4115-9486</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никифоров</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikiforov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-0562</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заднова</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zadnova</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кураташвили А.Ю., Челдышова Н.Б., Федоров А.В., Сергутин Д.А., Нарышкина Е.А., Никифоров К.А., Заднова С.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кураташвили А.Ю., Челдышова Н.Б., Федоров А.В., Сергутин Д.А., Нарышкина Е.А., Никифоров К.А., Заднова С.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuratashvili A.Y., Cheldyshova N.B., Fedorov A.V., Sergutin D.A., Naryshkina E.A., Nikiforov K.A., Zadnova S.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2354">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2354</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – изучение структуры генов системы секреции 6-го типа нетоксигенных штаммов Vibrio cholerae О1-серогруппы биовара Эль Тор и выявление их конкурентных особенностей. Материалы и методы. Исследования проведены на нетоксигенных штаммах, выделенных на территории РФ от больных или из внешней среды с 1981 по 2017 г., хранящихся в Государственной коллекции патогенных бактерий ФКУН Российский противочумный институт «Микроб» Роспотребнадзора. Для биоинформатического анализа применяли алгоритмы BLAST v.2.15.0 и BioEdit v.7.0.9.0. Использовали нуклеотидные последовательности полных геномов, представленные в NCBI GenBank. Конкурентную пробу ставили в автоклавированной речной воде по методу R. Freter et al. (1981). Результаты и обсуждение. Установлено, что состав кластеров системы секреции 6-го типа ctxA– tcpА+-изолятов идентичен токсигенным штаммам V. cholerae О1 Эль Тор и включает большой кластер и три дополнительных – Aux-1, 2, 3. При этом Aux-3 по размеру и составу генов соответствует типу Aux-3Р, характерному для токсигенных изолятов. Структура 88,9 % изученных локусов также является прототипной. Исключение составили три штамма, имеющие однонуклеотидную замену в гене, кодирующем эффектор VgrG-3. В штаммах ctxAB–tcpA– выявлен большой кластер и Aux-2. Кластер Aux-1 отсутствует в геноме 22 % штаммов, а в оставшихся присутствует только краевой ген, кодирующий гемолизин. Только два штамма ctxAB–tcpA– содержат Aux-3, который соответствует типу Aux-3Е, характерному для водных вибрионов. Выявлена вариабельность структуры большинства изученных генов данных штаммов. При совместном культивировании штаммов ctxAB–tcpA– и ctxAB–tcpA+ конкурентным преимуществом обладали практически все ctxAB–tcpA+-изоляты. Исключение составил ctxAB– tcpA–-штамм V. cholerae М1337, продуцирующий повышенное количество экзополисахарида, что усиливало его конкурентные свойства. Показано сосуществование ctxAB–tcpA+-изолятов и Aeromonas hidrofila 401, имеющего функциональную систему секреции 6-го типа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the work was to study the structure of the genes of type 6 secretion system in non-toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 serogroup, biovar El Tor and to identify their competitive features. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted on non-toxigenic strains isolated in the Russian Federation from patients or environment between 1981and 2017, stored in the State Collection of Pathogenic Bacteria of the Russian Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe” of the Rospotrebnadzor. For bioinformatics analysis, the BLAST v.2.15.0 and BioEdit v.7.0.9.0 algorithms were applied. The nucleotide sequences of complete genomes presented in NCBI GenBank were utilized. The competitive test was set in autoclaved river water according to the method of R. Freter et al. (1981). Results and discussion. It has been established that the composition of type 6 secretion system clusters of in ctxA–tcpA+ isolates is identical to that of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 El Tor strains and includes a large cluster and three additional – Aux-1, 2, and 3. Moreover, Aux-3 corresponds to the Aux-3P type, characteristic of toxigenic isolates, in terms of size and gene composition. The structure of 88.9 % of the studied loci is also prototypical. The exception is three strains with a single nucleotide substitution in the gene encoding the VgrG-3 effector. A large cluster and Aux-2 have been detected in ctxAB–tcpA– strains. The Aux-1 cluster is absent in the genome of 22 % of the strains, and in the remaining ones only the marginal gene encoding hemolysin is present. Only two ctxAB–tcpA– strains contain Aux-3, which corresponds to the Aux-3E type, characteristic of aquatic vibrios. Variability in the structure of the majority of the studied genes of these strains has been revealed. When ctxAB–tcpA– and ctxAB–tcpA+ strains were co-cultivated, almost all ctxAB–tcpA+ isolates exhibited a competitive advantage. The exception was the ctxAB–tcpA– strain of V. cholerae M1337, which produced increased amounts of exopolysaccharide, enhancing its competitive properties. The coexistence of ctxAB– tcpA+ isolates and Aeromonas hidrophila 401, which has a functional type 6 secretion system, has been demonstrated.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нетоксигенные штаммы Vibrio cholerae О1 Эль Тор</kwd><kwd>система секреции 6-го типа</kwd><kwd>конкурентная проба</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor</kwd><kwd>type 6 secretion system</kwd><kwd>competitive test</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зубкова Д.А., Кругликов В.Д., Архангельская И.В., Водопьянов А.С., Непомнящая Н.Б., Водопьянов С.О. Генетические особенности штаммов холерных вибрионов О1 серогруппы сtхA-tcpA+, выделенных из водных объектов Российской Федерации, охарактеризованные с помощью новой геоинформационной системы. 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