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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2026-2-181-189</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-2360</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Система MLVA14-типирования Yersinia pseudotuberculosis на основе мультилокусного анализа вариабельного числа тандемных повторов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>System of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis MLVA14-Typing Based on Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3170-9827</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5403-989X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерошенко</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eroshenko</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>181</fpage><lpage>189</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевченко К.С., Ерошенко Г.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевченко К.С., Ерошенко Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevchenko K.S., Eroshenko G.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2360">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2360</self-uri><abstract><p>Бактерия Yersinia pseudotuberculosis – этиологический агент псевдотуберкулеза, природно-очагового заболевания, регистрируемого в разных регионах мира. Штаммы псевдотуберкулезного микроба характеризуются значительным генетическим разнообразием и отличаются по патогенности и способности вызывать групповые и спорадические заболевания у человека. С 2022 г. на территории Российской Федерации выявлено 1090 случаев заражения псевдотуберкулезом, однако уровень заболеваемости остается все еще недооцененным. Современный уровень развития молекулярно-генетических технологий способствует разработке высокоэффективных методов детекции и дифференциации штаммов Y. pseudotuberculosis. Цель исследования – разработка эффективной системы MLVA14-типирования для проведения внутривидовой генетической дифференциации Y. pseudotuberculosis, основанной на мультилокусном VNTR-анализе. Материалы и методы. Проведен молекулярно-генетический и филогенетический анализ, а также O-генотипирование in silico 94 штаммов Y. pseudotuberculosis на основе их нуклеотидных последовательностей, депонированных в базе данных NCBI RefSeq. Результаты и обсуждение. Установлена серологическая принадлежность, определен набор факторов патогенности и отношение к генетической группе, охарактеризованы филогенетические связи использованных в работе штаммов Y. pseudotuberculosis. Выявлено 14 ранее не описанных VNTR-локусов, отличающихся по свойствам и дискриминационной способности. При помощи веб-сервиса Primer-BLAST для обнаруженных молекулярных мишеней сконструированы фланкирующие праймеры. Методом in silico проведено MLVA-типирование штаммов и построена кладограмма родственных связей, показывающая, что разработанный способ MLVA14 дискриминирует близкородственные штаммы Y. pseudotuberculosis на те же группы, что и полногеномный SNP-анализ, но при помощи меньшего количества молекулярных мишеней. Разработанный способ MLVA14-типирования имеет высокую эффективность для проведения внутривидовой генетической дифференциации штаммов возбудителя псевдотуберкулеза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis bacterium is the etiologic agent of pseudotuberculosis, a natural-focal disease reported in various regions of the world. Strains of pseudotuberculosis microbe are characterized by significant genetic diversity and differ in pathogenicity and ability to cause group and sporadic diseases in humans. Since 2022, 1,090 cases of pseudotuberculosis infection have been identified in the Russian Federation; however, the incidence remains underestimated. Current advances in molecular-genetic technologies facilitate the development of highly effective methods for detecting and differentiating Y. pseudotuberculosis strains. The aim of this study was to develop an effective MLVA14 typing system for intraspecific genetic differentiation of Y. pseudotuberculosis, based on multilocus VNTR analysis. Materials and methods. This study involved molecular-genetic and phylogenetic assessment, as well as in silico O-genotyping of 94 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains based on their nucleotide sequences deposited in the NCBI RefSeq database. Results and discussion. The serological affiliation, pathogenicity factors, and genetic group assignments have been determined. Phylogenetic relationships of the Y. pseudotuberculosis strains used in this study have been characterized, fourteen not previously described VNTR loci with distinct properties and discriminatory abilities identified. Flanking primers have been designed for the identified molecular targets using the Primer-BLAST web service. Applying in silico, MLVA typing of strains was performed and a cladogram of relationships was constructed, demonstrating that the developed MLVA14 method discriminates closely related Y. pseudotuberculosis strains into the same groups as whole-genome SNP analysis, but using a smaller number of molecular targets. The developed MLVA14 typing method is highly effective for intraspecific genetic differentiation of Y. pseudotuberculosis strains.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>возбудитель псевдотуберкулеза</kwd><kwd>генотипирование</kwd><kwd>мультилокусный анализ вариабельного числа тандемных повторов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pseudotuberculosis agent</kwd><kwd>genotyping</kwd><kwd>multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г., Кутырев В.В., редакторы. 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