microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2026-3-16-25microbe-2386Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSЭпидемиологическая ситуация по холере в мире и в Российской Федерации, прогноз на 2026 г.Epidemiological Situation on Cholera in the World and in the Russian Federation, Forecast for 2026https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0762-3628ГаевскаяН. Е.GaevskayaN. E.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

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plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6540-2778КругликовВ. Д.KruglikovV. D.

Кругликов Владимир Дмитриевич.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

Vladimir D. Kruglikov.

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plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9216-7777МонаховаЕ. В.MonakhovaE. V.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

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plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5020-1466МосквитинаЭ. A.MoskvitinaE. A.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gorkogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5331-4255АгафоноваВ. В.AgafonovaV. V.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gorkogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9056-3231ВодопьяновА. С.Vodop’yanovA. S.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gorkogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6825-1135СавинаИ. В.SavinaI. V.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gorkogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-5397ПичуринаН. Л.PichurinaN. L.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gorkogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7571-7848СоболеваЕ. Г.SobolevaE. G.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

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plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-4189ПодойницынаО. А.PodoynitsynaO. A.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gorkogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4864-9576СокиркинаЕ. Н.SokirkinaE. N.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gorkogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0008-4705СелянскаяН. А.SelyanskayaN. A.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

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plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1702-1620ДувановаО. В.DuvanovaO. V.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

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plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6003-4283МеньшиковаЕ. А.Men’shikovaE. A.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

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plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4254-3313ЕжоваМ. И.EzhovaM. I.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gorkogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-2789ШипкоЕ. С.ShipkoE. S.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

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plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0087-9153ЕвтеевА. В.EvteevA. V.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

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plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-0942-8918КазьминаВ. С.Kaz’minaV. S.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

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plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-5271-444XБодраяП. В.BodrayaP. V.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

117/40, M. Gorkogo St., Rostov-on-Don, 344002

plague@aaanet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2390-9773ОлейниковИ. П.OleynikovI. P.

344002, Ростов-на-Дону, ул. М. Горького, 117/40

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plague@aaanet.ruРостовский-на-Дону научно-исследовательский противочумный институтРоссияRostov-on-Don Research Anti-Plague InstituteRussian Federation202608102026031625Copyright © Гаевская Н.Е., Кругликов В.Д., Монахова Е.В., Москвитина Э.A., Агафонова В.В., Водопьянов А.С., Савина И.В., Пичурина Н.Л., Соболева Е.Г., Подойницына О.А., Сокиркина Е.Н., Селянская Н.А., Дуванова О.В., Меньшикова Е.А., Ежова М.И., Шипко Е.С., Евтеев А.В., Казьмина В.С., Бодрая П.В., Олейников И.П., 20262026Гаевская Н.Е., Кругликов В.Д., Монахова Е.В., Москвитина Э.A., Агафонова В.В., Водопьянов А.С., Савина И.В., Пичурина Н.Л., Соболева Е.Г., Подойницына О.А., Сокиркина Е.Н., Селянская Н.А., Дуванова О.В., Меньшикова Е.А., Ежова М.И., Шипко Е.С., Евтеев А.В., Казьмина В.С., Бодрая П.В., Олейников И.П.Gaevskaya N.E., Kruglikov V.D., Monakhova E.V., Moskvitina E.A., Agafonova V.V., Vodop’yanov A.S., Savina I.V., Pichurina N.L., Soboleva E.G., Podoynitsyna O.A., Sokirkina E.N., Selyanskaya N.A., Duvanova O.V., Men’shikova E.A., Ezhova M.I., Shipko E.S., Evteev A.V., Kaz’mina V.S., Bodraya P.V., Oleynikov I.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2386

Цель работы – анализ эпидемиологической ситуации по холере в мире и в Российской Федерации, прогноз на 2026 г. Данные проактивного эпидемиологического надзора показали, что за период 2016–2025 гг. отмечалась тенденция роста заболеваемости холерой в мире – в 91 стране выявлено 5 474 013 случаев. Удельный вес больных распределился по странам следующим образом: Йемен (53,4 %), Афганистан (11,7 %), Демократическая Республика Конго (6,3 %), Нигерия (4,7 %), Сомали (3,2 %), Южный Судан (2,5 %), Судан (2,5 %) и Гаити (2,4 %). В 2025 г. 42 страны сообщили о 589 571 заболевании и 8140 летальных исходах (на 5,1 % больше, чем в 2024 г.). Прирост случаев холеры в 2025 г. по сравнению с 2024 г. составил 5,12 %. Основным риск-формирующим фактором распространения холеры в разные страны оставалась миграция населения. В РФ введен мониторинг трудовой миграции с организацией медицинского наблюдения за прибывшими лицами – в течение семи дней после прибытия из стран, неблагополучных по холере. В результате мониторинга водных объектов окружающей среды (ООС) в 2025 г. на административных территориях выделены 50 нетоксигенных штаммов Vibrio cholerae О1, циркулирующих на территории РФ и относящихся к разным генетическим линиям. Отмечено снижение числа острых кишечных инфекций (ОКИ) с 13 (2024 г.) до 5 (2025 г.), вызванных нетоксигенными V. cholerae nonO1/ nonO139. Прогноз на 2026 г.: остаются риски завоза холеры в связи с ожидаемым увеличением интенсивности трудовой миграции. Вероятна регистрация ОКИ и внекишечных инфекций, вызванных нетоксигенными штаммами V. cholerae nonO1/nonO139. Продолжится выявление нетоксигенных штаммов V. cholerae О1 и их клональных комплексов, циркулирующих в водных ООС. Прогнозируется стабильная эпидемиологическая ситуация по холере в 2026 г.

The aim of the work was to analyze the epidemiological situation on cholera in the world and in Russia and to make its forecast for 2026. Proactive epidemiological surveillance data showed that over the period of 2016–2025 there was an upward trend in cholera incidence worldwide: 5,474,013 cases were documented in 91 countries. The proportion of patients was distributed among countries as follows: Yemen (53.4 %), Afghanistan (11.7 %), Democratic Republic of the Congo (6.3 %), Nigeria (4.7 %), Somalia (3.2 %), South Sudan (2.5 %), Sudan (2.5 %), and Haiti (2.4 %). In 2025, 42 countries reported 589,571 cases and 8,140 deaths (5.1 % more than in 2024). The increase in cholera cases in 2025, compared to 2024, amounted to 5.12 %. Population migration remained the main risk-forming factor for the spread of cholera to different countries. In the Russian Federation, monitoring of labor migration was introduced with the organization of medical observation of arriving persons for seven days after arrival from cholera affected countries. As a result of monitoring surface water bodies in 2025, 50 non-toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 circulating in the territory of the Russian Federation and belonging to different genetic lines were isolated. A decrease in the number of acute intestinal infections was noted from 13 (2024) to 5 (2025), caused by non-toxigenic V. cholerae nonO1/nonO139. Forecast for 2026: the risk of cholera importation persists due to the expected increase in the intensity of labor migration. Registration of acute intestinal infections and extra-intestinal infections caused by non-toxigenic strains of V. cholerae nonO1/nonO139 is probable. Detection of non-toxigenic strains of V. cholerae O1 and their clonal complexes circulating in water bodies will continue. Stable epidemiological situation on cholera in the Russian Federation is predicted for 2026.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.