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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2026-3-139-148</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-2402</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности эпидемиологического надзора, организации лабораторных исследований и медицинской помощи больным холерой в Республике Зимбабве в 2025 г.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of Epidemiological Surveillance, Organization of Laboratory Research and Medical Care for Cholera Patients in the Republic of Zimbabwe in 2025</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2570-711X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшеничная</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshenichnaya</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 3а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3a, Novogireevskaya St., Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">crie@pcr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8334-9173</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Портенко</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Portenko</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6474-3696</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Найденова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naidenova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Найденова Екатерина Владимировна.</p><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Naidenova.</p><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1119-6267</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 3а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3a, Novogireevskaya St., Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">crie@pcr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1818-9604</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9877-5258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чумачкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chumachkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Sisya</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sisya</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хараре</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Harare</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Phiri</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Phiri</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хараре</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Harare</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимкин</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimkin</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 3а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3a, Novogireevskaya St., Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">crie@pcr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальная микробиологическая референс-лаборатория Министерства здравоохранения и защиты детей Республики Зимбабве</institution><country>Зимбабве</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Microbiological Reference Laboratory of the Ministry of Health and Child Protection of the Republic of Zimbabwe</institution><country>Zimbabwe</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр управления чрезвычайными ситуациями в области общественного здравоохранения Министерства здравоохранения и защиты детей Республики Зимбабве</institution><country>Зимбабве</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Public Health Emergency Management Centre of the Ministry of Health and Child Protection of the Republic of Zimbabwe</institution><country>Zimbabwe</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>139</fpage><lpage>148</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пшеничная Н.Ю., Портенко С.А., Найденова Е.В., Кутырев И.В., Голубев С.Н., Чумачкова Е.А., Sisya L., Phiri I., Акимкин В.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пшеничная Н.Ю., Портенко С.А., Найденова Е.В., Кутырев И.В., Голубев С.Н., Чумачкова Е.А., Sisya L., Phiri I., Акимкин В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pshenichnaya N.Y., Portenko S.A., Naidenova E.V., Kutyrev I.V., Golubev S.N., Chumachkova E.A., Sisya L., Phiri I., Akimkin V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2402">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/2402</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – комплексная оценка эпидемиологической ситуации по холере в Республике Зимбабве в период эпидемического подъема заболеваемости в 2023–2025 гг., организации медицинской помощи, санитарно-технической инфраструктуры, а также перспектив внедрения современных методов исследования, в том числе с использованием лабораторных мобильных комплексов. Материалы и методы. Анализ эпидемиологической ситуации проводили на основании изучения медицинских карт пациентов, протоколов лабораторных исследований материала от больных, а также официальных протоколов об эпидемиологической ситуации по холере и другим острым кишечным инфекциям, опубликованных на сайте Министерства здравоохранения и охраны здоровья детей Республики Зимбабве, и данных Всемирной организации здравоохранения. При посещении госпиталей, предназначенных для лечения больных холерой, учитывали качество оказания медицинской помощи, возможности проведения лабораторных исследований и состояние инженерных систем. Результаты и обсуждение. Полученные сведения подтверждают, что неблагополучная ситуация по холере развивалась под воздействием комплекса взаимосвязанных санитарно-технических, экологических, социальных и организационных факторов. Такое развитие событий описывалось при вспышках холеры в других странах Африки, где распространение инфекции тесно связано с неудовлетворительным состоянием систем водоснабжения и канализации, высокой плотностью населения, сезонными климатическими колебаниями и ограниченными возможностями систем здравоохранения. Большинство случаев заболевания в момент описываемой вспышки характеризовались легким течением, отсутствием выраженной дегидратации и быстрым улучшением состояния после восстановления водно-электролитного баланса. При проведении оценки возможностей лабораторной базы выявлен ряд проблем: нехватка диагностических препаратов; отсутствие в лабораторной практике опыта по определению токсигенности и биоваров выделенных культур холерных вибрионов и мониторинговых исследований, направленных на выявление возбудителя холеры в эпидемиологически значимых объектах окружающей среды. Необходимо отметить, что в медицинских организациях Республики Зимбабве накоплен большой опыт работы по организации диагностической, лечебной помощи больным холерой и проведению профилактических мероприятий, что позволяет сдерживать распространение инфекции и спасать жизни пациентов. Для развития сотрудничества Российской Федерации и Республики Зимбабве в рамках борьбы с особо опасными инфекционными болезнями является актуальным проведение обучающих курсов по вопросам эпидемиологии, диагностики и профилактики холеры и других острых кишечных инфекций, поставка мобильных лабораторий, оборудования и диагностических препаратов и организация совместного систематического мониторинга объектов окружающей среды.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the study was to comprehensively assess the cholera epidemiological situation in the Republic of Zimbabwe during the 2023–2025 epidemic surge, the organization of medical care, and sanitary-technical infrastructure, as well as the prospects for implementing modern diagnostic methods, including the use of mobile laboratory units. Materials and methods. The epidemiological situation was analyzed based on patient medical records, laboratory test protocols for patient samples, official reports on cholera and other acute intestinal infections published by the Ministry of Health and Child Protection of the Republic of Zimbabwe, and WHO data. Visits to hospitals designated for cholera treatment included assessments of the quality of medical care, laboratory testing capacities, and the condition of engineering systems. Results and discussion. The data confirm that the adverse cholera situation was driven by a complex interplay of sanitary-technical, environmental, social, and organizational factors. Similar patterns have been observed during cholera outbreaks in other African countries, where the spread of infection is closely linked to inadequate water supply and sanitation systems, high population density, seasonal climatic fluctuations, and limited healthcare system capacity. Most cases during the outbreak in question were characterized by a mild course, the absence of severe dehydration, and rapid improvement following the restoration of water-electrolyte balance. The assessment of laboratory capacities revealed several issues: a shortage of diagnostic reagents and a lack of experience in determining the toxigenicity and biovars of isolated Vibrio cholerae cultures in laboratory practices, as well as a lack of monitoring studies aimed at detecting the cholera pathogen in epidemiologically significant environmental samples. It should be noted that medical institutions in the Republic of Zimbabwe have accumulated extensive experience in organizing diagnostic and therapeutic care for cholera patients and implementing preventive measures, which helps contain the spread of the infection and save patients’ lives. To foster cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Zimbabwe in combating particularly dangerous infectious diseases, it is essential to conduct training courses on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention of cholera and other acute intestinal infections; supply mobile laboratories, equipment, and diagnostic reagents; and organize joint, systematic monitoring of environmental objects.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>холера</kwd><kwd>Республика Зимбабве</kwd><kwd>эпидемиологическая ситуация</kwd><kwd>клинические особенности</kwd><kwd>лабораторная диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cholera</kwd><kwd>Republic of Zimbabwe</kwd><kwd>epidemiological situation</kwd><kwd>clinical features</kwd><kwd>laboratory diagnosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. 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