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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2015-4-30-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-261</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Условия активизации эпизоотий чумы в Прикаспийском песчаном природном очаге в 2014 г</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Factors that Predetermined Activation of Plague Epizooties in the Pre-Caspian Sandy Natural Focus in 2014</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матросов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matrosov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синцов</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sintsov</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">antichum@astranet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Манджиева</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mandzhieva</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">antichum@astranet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голосовский</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golosovsky</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">antichum@astranet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">antichum@astranet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лещук</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leshchuk</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">antichum@astranet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поршаков</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Porshakov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Удовиков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Udovikov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лейнерт</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leinert</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">antichum@astranet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чекашов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chekashov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилов</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilov</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куклев</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuklev</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казорина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazorina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гражданов</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grazhdanov</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопатин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lopatin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скаленко</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skalenko</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazeva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Троицкая</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Troitskaya</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">antichum@astranet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдова</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydova</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">antichum@astranet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агапов</surname><given-names>Б. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agapov</surname><given-names>B. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">antichum@astranet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кабин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kabin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">antichum@astranet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Санджиев</surname><given-names>В. Б-Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sandzhiev</surname><given-names>V. B-Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pestis-kalmykia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яшкулов</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yashkulov</surname><given-names>K. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pestis-kalmykia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халидов</surname><given-names>А. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalidov</surname><given-names>A. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">dagchum_tr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хасаев</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khasaev</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">dagchum_tr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бамматов</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bammatov</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">dagchum_tr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Астраханская противочумная станция</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan Plague Control Station</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Элистинская противочумная станция</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Elista Plague Control Station</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Дагестанская противочумная станция</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dagestan Plague Control Station</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Матросов А.Н., Синцов В.К., Манджиева В.С., Голосовский С.М., Ким Т.С., Лещук В.А., Кузнецов А.А., Поршаков А.М., Яковлев С.А., Удовиков А.И., Лейнерт А.Ю., Чекашов В.Н., Шилов М.М., Шарова И.Н., Куклев В.Е., Казорина Е.В., Гражданов А.К., Лопатин А.А., Скаленко С.Ю., Князева Т.В., Троицкая А.А., Давыдова Т.П., Агапов Б.Л., Кабин В.В., Санджиев В.Б., Яшкулов К.Б., Халидов А.Х., Хасаев С.М., Бамматов Д.М., Попов Н.В., Кутырев В.В., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Матросов А.Н., Синцов В.К., Манджиева В.С., Голосовский С.М., Ким Т.С., Лещук В.А., Кузнецов А.А., Поршаков А.М., Яковлев С.А., Удовиков А.И., Лейнерт А.Ю., Чекашов В.Н., Шилов М.М., Шарова И.Н., Куклев В.Е., Казорина Е.В., Гражданов А.К., Лопатин А.А., Скаленко С.Ю., Князева Т.В., Троицкая А.А., Давыдова Т.П., Агапов Б.Л., Кабин В.В., Санджиев В.Б., Яшкулов К.Б., Халидов А.Х., Хасаев С.М., Бамматов Д.М., Попов Н.В., Кутырев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Matrosov A.N., Sintsov V.K., Mandzhieva V.S., Golosovsky S.M., Kim T.S., Leshchuk V.A., Kuznetsov A.A., Porshakov A.M., Yakovlev S.A., Udovikov A.I., Leinert A.Y., Chekashov V.N., Shilov M.M., Sharova I.N., Kuklev V.E., Kazorina E.V., Grazhdanov A.K., Lopatin A.A., Skalenko S.Y., Knyazeva T.V., Troitskaya A.A., Davydova T.P., Agapov B.L., Kabin V.V., Sandzhiev V.B., Yashkulov K.B., Khalidov A.K., Khasaev S.M., Bammatov D.M., Popov N.V., Kutyrev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/261">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/261</self-uri><abstract><p>В 2014 г. на центральном приморском участке Прикаспийского песчаного природного очага чумы произошла активизация эпизоотического процесса в смешанных поселениях грызунов. Целью исследований явилось выявление условий, которые привели к развитию интенсивных и экстенсивных эпизоотий чумы. В работе использовали оперативные данные Астраханской, Элистинской и Дагестанской противочумных станций, собственных исследований в очаге. В результате высокой исходной численности грызунов и блох, теплой зимы 2013-2014 гг., весной плотность носителей и переносчиков инфекции значительно превысила многолетний уровень. Общая численность зверьков составила 31,1 особи на 1 га, снизившись к осени до 17,8. Запас основного переносчика чумы - блохи N. laeviceps - был равен весной 350, осенью - 120 экз. на 1 га. Всего на протяжении 3 смежных сезонов выделено 56 культур Y. pestis: 17 штаммов - от грызунов и 39 - от их блох. Общая эпизоотическая площадь составила 2300 кв. км. Эпизоотии чумы регистрировались в зоне ее стойкой природной очаговости в границах Ильменно-Придельтового, Приморского и Черноземельского ландшафтно-эпизоотологических районов на административной территории Лиманского района Астраханской области, Лаганского и Черноземельского районов Республики Калмыкия и Тарумовского района Республики Дагестан. Результаты слежения за эпизоотическими проявлениями, динамикой численности носителей и переносчиков чумы легли в основу планирования и проведения противоэпидемических мероприятий, составления прогноза развития ситуации в очаге.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 2014, in the central coastal part of the Pre-Caspian sandy natural plague focus, activation of epizootic process in the complex rodent settlements occurred. Objective of the study was to identify the factors that predetermined the development of intensive and extensive plague epizooties. Utilized were operational data from the Astrakhan, Elista, and Dagestan plague control stations, and personal investigation records gathered in the focus. Consequently to the high baseline numbers of rodents and fleas, mild winter weather in 2013-2014 population density of the vectors and carriers of the infection significantly exceeded long-term average annual indexes in the following spring. Total abundance rates reached up to 31.1 specimens per a hectare, being lowered up to 17.8 by the fall. Stock of the main vector of plague, N. laeviceps flea, amounted to 350 and to 120 per a hectare in the spring and autumn, respectively. All in all, in the course of the three rolling seasons isolated were 56 Y. pestis cultures: 17 strains - from the rodents, and 39 - from the fleas. The overall epizootic area totaled to 2300 km2. Plague epizooties were registered in the zone of sustained natural focality within the bonds of the Ilmen-Pridelta, Primorsky, and Chernozemelsky landscape-epizootic regions in the administrative territory of the Limansky District in the Astrakhan Region, Lagansky and Chernozemelsky Regions of the Republic of Kalmykia, and Tarumovsky Region of the Republic of Dagestan. Results of monitoring over the epizootic manifestations and plague carrier and vector abundance dynamics provided the basis for scheduling and performance of anti-epidemic activities, as well as for forecasting of the epidemic situation development in the focus.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>природный очаг чумы</kwd><kwd>эпизоотия чумы</kwd><kwd>численность носителей</kwd><kwd>численность переносчиков</kwd><kwd>natural plague focus</kwd><kwd>plague epizooty</kwd><kwd>carrier abundance rates</kwd><kwd>vector abundance rates</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов А.А., Осипов В.П., Князева Т.В., Синцов В.П., Матросов А.Н. Расселение блох в поселениях грызунов Северо-Западного Прикаспия. Паразитология. 2010; 44:77-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov A.A., Osipov V.P., Knyazeva T.V., Sintsov V.P., Matrosov A.N. 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