microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2015-4-74-81microbe-270Research ArticleМИКРОБИОЛОГИЯMICROBIOLOGYВирус Нипа - возбудитель опасной инфекционной болезниNipah Virus - Agent of Infectious Dangerous DiseaseЛукинЕ. П.LukinE. P.48cnii@mil.ru48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссияThe 48th Central Research Institute of the RF Ministry of DefenseRussian Federation201520122015047481Copyright © Лукин Е.П., 20152015Лукин Е.П.Lukin E.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/270

Представлена информация об этиологии, эпидемиологии, клинике и профилактике малоизвестного вирусного энцефалита Нипа. Дана характеристика возбудителя и его экология. Целью анализа является ознакомление отечественных специалистов (инфекционистов, эпидемиологов, неврологов, санитарных врачей) с новым опасным заболеванием, неизвестным в России. Метод исследования - аналитический. Инфекция вируса Нипа у людей впервые описана в Малайзии (1998-1999), затем - в Бангладеш (2004) и Индии (2006). Возбудитель идентифицирован как новый представитель парамиксовирусов в 1998 г. и затем вместе с родственным ему вирусом Хендра обособлен в новый род семейства Paramyxoviridae. Резервуар вируса в природе - рукокрылые крыланы, преимущественно плодоядные летучие лисицы 8 видов рода Pteropus, вторичный - домашние свиньи. Вирус Нипа высококонтагиозен для свиней, которые выступают как амплификатор и резервуар вируса. Для заболевания у людей характерны симптомы и признаки энцефалита и острой легочной недостаточности. Быстро развивается кома. Летальность - 38,5-92,0 %. Известны вспышки с передачей возбудителя от человека к человеку. Специфическое лечение не разработано. Профилактика - неспецифическая.

The review provides the information on etiology, epidemiology, clinical features and prevention of a little-known viral encephalitis Nipah. Given is the characteristics of the pathogen and its ecology. Objective of the review is to inform Russian specialists about the new dangerous disease unknown in the Russian Federation. Nipah virus infections in humans were first described in Malaysia (1998-1999), later in Bangladesh (2004) and India (2006). The causative agent was identified as a new member of paramyxoviruses in 1998, and then, together with related Hendra virus, has been separated in a new genus of the family Paramyxoviridae . The natural reservoir of the virus are fruit bats, predominantly carnivorous flying foxes of 8 species, Pteropus genus; the secondary reservoir - domestic pigs. Nipah virus is highly contagious for swines, that can act as amplifying and reservoir host. The disease in humans is characterized by symptoms and signs of encephalitis and acute pulmonary failure, rapidly developing coma. Lethality is 38.5-92.0 %. Registered are the outbreaks when virus transmission occurred from person-to-person. Specific treatment has not been developed. Prophylaxis is nonspecific.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.