<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2016-1-48-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-285</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ПРОГНОЗЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND PROGNOSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Циркуляция высокопатогенного вируса гриппа птиц в России в 2014-2015 гг</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Circulation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Flu Virus in the Russian Federation in 2014-2015</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vector@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суслопаров</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Susloparov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vector@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шиповалов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipovalov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vector@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михеев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikheev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vector@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжиков</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhikov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vector@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">State Research Centre of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Марченко В.Ю., Суслопаров И.М., Шиповалов А.В., Михеев В.Н., Рыжиков А.Б., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Марченко В.Ю., Суслопаров И.М., Шиповалов А.В., Михеев В.Н., Рыжиков А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Marchenko V.Y., Susloparov I.M., Shipovalov A.V., Mikheev V.N., Ryzhikov A.B.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/285">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/285</self-uri><abstract><p>Приведены данные по циркуляции высокопатогенного вируса гриппа А/H5 за последние два года. Рассмотрено современное состояние по гриппу H5 на территории Российской Федериции, где в 2014-2015 гг., впервые с 2010 г., было зафиксировано выделение высокопатогенного вируса гриппа субтипов H5N1 и H5N8. Показано, что территория России играет важную роль в трансконтинентальном переносе вирусов гриппа дикими птицами из Юго-Восточной Азии в Европу и Северную Америку, а также сделано предположение о возможном продолжении циркуляции высокопатогенных вирусов на территории России.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Given are the data on the circulation of highly pathogenic flu virus, A/H5, within the last two years. Discussed is the current state of the situation on H5 flu in the territory of the Russian Federation, where during 2014-2015, for the first time since 2010, registered has been the isolation of highly pathogenic flu virus, H5N1 and H5N8 subtypes. It is demonstrated that the territory of Russia plays a significant role in trans-continental transfer of flu viruses by wild birds from South-Eastern Asia into Europe and North America. Moreover, an assumption is made that a continued circulation of highly pathogenic viruses in the territory of the country is quiet possible.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус гриппа птиц</kwd><kwd>H5N1</kwd><kwd>H5N8</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>avian flu virus</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Марченко В.Ю., Суслопаров И.М., Колосова Н.П., Гончарова Н.И., Шиповалов А.В., Дурыманов А.Г., Ильичева Т.Н., Будацыренова Л.В., Иванова В.К., Игнатьев Г.А., Ершова С.Н., Тюляхова В.С., Михеев В.Н., Рыжиков А.Б. Выделение высокопатогенного вируса гриппа А субтипа H5N8 на территории республики Саха (Якутия). Дальневосточный журн. инф. патол. 2015; 28:38-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchenko V.Yu., Susloparov I.M., Kolosova N.P., Goncharova N.I., Shipovalov A.V., Durymanov A.G., Il’icheva T.N., Budatsyrenova L.V., Ivanova V.K., Ignat’ev G.A., Ershova S.N., Tyulyakhova V.S., Mikheev V.N., Ryzhikov A.B. [Isolation of highly pathogenic A flu virus, subtype H5N8, in the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)]. Dal’nevost. Zh. Infek. Patol. 2015; 28:38–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юрлов К.Т. Экология и биоценотические связи перелетных птиц Западной Сибири. Новосибирск: Наука, 1981. 364 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yurlov K.T. [Ecology and Biocoenotic Relations of Migrating Birds Habitant in West Siberia]. Novosibirsk: “Nauka”; 1981. 364 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adlhoch C., Gossner C., Koch G., Brown I., Bouwstra R., Verdonck F., Penttinen P., Harder T. Comparing introduction to Europe of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses A(H5N8) in 2014 and A(H5N1) in 2005. Euro Surveill. 2014; 19(50):pii=20996. DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES2014.19.50.20996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adlhoch C., Gossner C., Koch G., Brown I., Bouwstra R., Verdonck F., Penttinen P., Harder T. Comparing introduction to Europe of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses A(H5N8) in 2014 and A(H5N1) in 2005. Euro Surveill. 2014; 19(50):pii=20996. DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917. ES2014.19.50.20996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexander D.J. A review of avian influenza in different bird species. Vet. Microbiol. 2000; 74(1-2):3-13. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1135(00)00160-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexander D.J. A review of avian influenza in different bird species. Vet. Microbiol. 2000; 74(1–2):3–13. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1135(00)00160-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fan S., Zhou L., Wu D., Gao X., Pei E.,Wang T., Gao Y., Xia X. A novel highly pathogenic H5N8 avian influenza virus isolated from a wild duck in China. Influenza Other Respir. Viruses. 2014; 8(6):646-53. DOI: 10.1111/iuv.12289.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fan S., Zhou L., Wu D., Gao X., Pei E.,Wang T., Gao Y., Xia X. A novel highly pathogenic H5N8 avian influenza virus isolated from a wild duck in China. Influenza Other Respir. Viruses. 2014; 8(6):646–53. DOI: 10.1111/iuv.12289.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He S., Shi J., Qi X., Huang G., Chen H., Lu C. Lethal infection by a novel reassortant H5N1 avian influenza A virus in a zoo-housed tiger. Microbes Infect. 2015; (1):54-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.10.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He S., Shi J., Qi X., Huang G., Chen H., Lu C. Lethal infection by a novel reassortant H5N1 avian influenza A virus in a zoo-housed tiger. Microbes Infect. 2015; (1):54–61. DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.10.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ip H.S., Torchetti M.K., Crespo R., Kohrs P., DeBruyn P., Mansfield K.G., Baszler T., Badcoe L., Bodenstein B., Shearn-Bochsler V., Killian M.L., Pedersen J.C., Hines N., Gidlewski T., Deliberto T.J., Sleeman J.M. Novel eurasian highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5 viruses in wild birds, Washington, USA, 2014. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2015; 21(5):886-90. DOI: 10.3201/eid2105.142020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ip H.S., Torchetti M.K., Crespo R., Kohrs P., DeBruyn P., Mansfield K.G., Baszler T., Badcoe L., Bodenstein B., Shearn-Bochsler V., Killian M.L., Pedersen J.C., Hines N., Gidlewski T., Deliberto T.J., Sleeman J.M. Novel eurasian highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5 viruses in wild birds, Washington, USA, 2014. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2015; 21(5):886–90. DOI: 10.3201/eid2105.142020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeong J., Kang H.M., Lee E.K., Song B.M., Kwon Y.K., Kim H.R., Choi K.S., Kim J.Y., Lee H.J., Moon O.K., Jeong W., Choi J., Baek J.H., Joo Y.S., Park Y.H., Lee H.S., Lee Y.J. Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N8) in domestic poultry and its relationship with migratory birds in South Korea during 2014. Vet. Microbiol. 2014; 173(3-4):249-57. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeong J., Kang H.M., Lee E.K., Song B.M., Kwon Y.K., Kim H.R., Choi K.S., Kim J.Y., Lee H.J., Moon O.K., Jeong W., Choi J., Baek J.H., Joo Y.S., Park Y.H., Lee H.S., Lee Y.J. Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N8) in domestic poultry and its relationship with migratory birds in South Korea during 2014. Vet. Microbiol. 2014; 173(3–4):249–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ku K.B., Park E.H., Yum J., Kim J.A., Oh S.K., Seo S.H. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus from waterfowl, South Korea, 2014. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2014; 20(9):1587-8. DOI: 10.3201/eid2009.140390.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ku K.B., Park E.H., Yum J., Kim J.A., Oh S.K., Seo S.H. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus from waterfowl, South Korea, 2014. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2014; 20(9):1587–8. DOI: 10.3201/eid2009.140390.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee E.K., Kang H.M., Kim K.I., Choi J.G., To T.L., Nguyen T.D., Song B.M., Jeong J., Choi K.S., Kim J.Y., Lee H.S., Lee Y.J., Kim J.H. Genetic evolution of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in domestic poultry in Vietnam between 2011 and 2013. Poult. Sci. 2015; 94:650-61. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev036.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee E.K., Kang H.M., Kim K.I., Choi J.G., To T.L., Nguyen T.D., Song B.M., Jeong J., Choi K.S., Kim J.Y., Lee H.S., Lee Y.J., Kim J.H. Genetic evolution of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in domestic poultry in Vietnam between 2011 and 2013. Poult. Sci. 2015; 94:650–61. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev036.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee Y.J., Kang H.M., Lee E.K., Song B.M., Jeong J., Kwon Y.K., Kim H.R., Lee K.J., Hong M.S., Jang I., Choi K.S., Kim J.E., Lee H.J., Kang M.S., Jeong O.M., Baek J.H., Joo Y.S., Park Y.H., Lee H.S. Novel reassortant influenza A(H5N8) viruses, South Korea, 2014. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2014; 20(6):1087-9. DOI: 10.3201/eid2006.140233.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee Y.J., Kang H.M., Lee E.K., Song B.M., Jeong J., Kwon Y.K., Kim H.R., Lee K.J., Hong M.S., Jang I., Choi K.S., Kim J.E., Lee H.J., Kang M.S., Jeong O.M., Baek J.H., Joo Y.S., Park Y.H., Lee H.S. Novel reassortant influenza A(H5N8) viruses, South Korea, 2014. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2014; 20(6):1087–9. DOI: 10.3201/eid2006.140233.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lvov D.K., Shchelkanov M.Y., Prilipov A.G., Vlasov N.A., Fedyakina I.T., Deryabin P.G., Alkhovsky S.V., Grebennikova T.V., Zaberezhny A.D., Suarez D.L. Evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in natural ecosystems of northern Eurasia (2005-08). Avian Dis. 2010; 54(1 Suppl):483-95. DOI: 10.1637/8893-042509-Review.1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lvov D.K., Shchelkanov M.Y., Prilipov A.G., Vlasov N.A., Fedyakina I.T., Deryabin P.G., Alkhovsky S.V., Grebennikova T.V., Zaberezhny A.D., Suarez D.L. Evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in natural ecosystems of northern Eurasia (2005–08). Avian Dis. 2010; 54(1 Suppl):483–95. DOI: 10.1637/8893-042509-Review.1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marchenko V.Y., Susloparov I.M., Kolosova N.P., Goncharova N.I., Shipovalov A.V., Durymanov A.G., Ilyicheva T.N., Budatsirenova L.V., Ivanova V.K., Ignatyev G.A., Ershova S.N., Tulyahova V.S., Mikheev V.N., Ryzhikov A.B. Influenza A(H5N8) virus isolation in Russia, 2014. Arch. Virol. 2015; 160(11):2857-60. DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2570-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchenko V.Y., Susloparov I.M., Kolosova N.P., Goncharova N.I., Shipovalov A.V., Durymanov A.G., Ilyicheva T.N., Budatsirenova L.V., Ivanova V.K., Ignatyev G.A., Ershova S.N., Tulyahova V.S., Mikheev V.N., Ryzhikov A.B. Influenza A(H5N8) virus isolation in Russia, 2014. Arch. Virol. 2015; 160(11):2857–60. DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2570-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monne I., Meseko C., Joannis T., Shittu I., Ahmed M., Tassoni L. (2015). Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in poultry, Nigeria, 2015. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2015; 21(7):1275-7. DOI: 10.3201/eid2107.150421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monne I., Meseko C., Joannis T., Shittu I., Ahmed M., Tassoni L. (2015). Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in poultry, Nigeria, 2015. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2015; 21(7):1275–7. DOI: 10.3201/eid2107.150421.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pabbaraju K., Tellier R., Wong S., Li Y., Bastien N., Tang J.W., Drews S.J., Jang Y., Davis C.T., Fonseca K., Tipples G.A. Full-genome analysis of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus from a human, North America. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2013; 20:887-91. DOI: 10.3201/eid2005.140164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pabbaraju K., Tellier R., Wong S., Li Y., Bastien N., Tang J. W., Drews S.J., Jang Y., Davis C.T., Fonseca K., Tipples G.A. Full-genome analysis of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus from a human, North America. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2013; 20:887–91. DOI: 10.3201/eid2005.140164.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reid S.M., Shell W.M., Barboi G., Onita I., Turcitu M., Cioranu R., Marinova-Petkova A., Goujgoulova G., Webby R.J., Webster R.G., Russell C., Slomka M.J., Hanna A., Banks J., Alton B., Barrass L., Irvine R.M., Brown I.H. First reported incursion of highly pathogenic notifiable avian influenza A H5N1 viruses from clade 2.3.2 into European poultry. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 2011; 58(1):76-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2010.01175.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reid S.M., Shell W.M., Barboi G., Onita I., Turcitu M., Cioranu R., Marinova-Petkova A., Goujgoulova G., Webby R.J., Webster R.G., Russell C., Slomka M.J., Hanna A., Banks J., Alton B., Barrass L., Irvine R.M., Brown I.H. First reported incursion of highly pathogenic notifiable avian influenza A H5N1 viruses from clade 2.3.2 into European poultry. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 2011; 58(1):76–8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2010.01175.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharshov K., Romanovskaya A., Uzhachenko R., Durymanov A., Zaykovskaya A., Kurskaya O., Ilinykh P., Silko N., Kulak M., Alekseev A., Zolotykh S., Shestopalov A., Drozdov I. Genetic and biological characterization of avian influenza H5N1 viruses isolated from wild birds and poultry in Western Siberia. Arch Virol. 2010; 155(7):1145-50. DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0676-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharshov K., Romanovskaya A., Uzhachenko R., Durymanov A., Zaykovskaya A., Kurskaya O., Ilinykh P., Silko N., Kulak M., Alekseev A., Zolotykh S., Shestopalov A., Drozdov I. Genetic and biological characterization of avian influenza H5N1 viruses isolated from wild birds and poultry in Western Siberia. Arch Virol. 2010; 155(7):1145–50. DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0676-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tong S., Li Y., Rivailler P., Conrardy C., Castillo D.A., Chen L-M., Recuenco S., Ellison J.A., Davis C.T., York I.A., Turmelle A.S., Moran D., Rogers S., Shi M., Tao Y., Weil M.R., Tang K., Rowe L.A., Sammons S., Xu X., Frace M., Lindblade K.A., Cox N.J., Anderson L.J., Rupprecht C.E., Donis R.O. A distinct lineage of influenza A virus from bats. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2012; 109:4269-74. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1116200109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tong S., Li Y., Rivailler P., Conrardy C., Castillo D.A., Chen L-M., Recuenco S., Ellison J.A., Davis C.T., York I.A., Turmelle A.S., Moran D., Rogers S., Shi M., Tao Y., Weil M.R., Tang K., Rowe L.A., Sammons S., Xu X., Frace M., Lindblade K.A., Cox N.J., Anderson L.J., Rupprecht C.E., Donis R.O. A distinct lineage of influenza A virus from bats. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2012; 109:4269–74. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1116200109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tong S., Zhu X., Li Y., Shi M., Zhang J., Bourgeois M., Yang H., Chen X., Recuenco S., Gomez J., Chen L-M., Johnson A., Tao Y., Dreyfus C., Yu W., McBride R., Carney P.J., Gilbert A.T., Chang J., Guo Z., Davis C.T., Paulson J.C., Stevens J., Rupprecht C.E., Holmes E.C., Wilson I.A., Donis R.O. New world bats harbor diverse influenza A viruses. PLoS Pathog. 2013; 9(10):e1003657. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003657.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tong S., Zhu X., Li Y., Shi M., Zhang J., Bourgeois M., Yang H., Chen X., Recuenco S., Gomez J., Chen L-M., Johnson A., Tao Y., Dreyfus C., Yu W., McBride R., Carney P.J., Gilbert A.T., Chang J., Guo Z., Davis C.T., Paulson J.C., Stevens J., Rupprecht C.E., Holmes E.C., Wilson I.A., Donis R.O. New world bats harbor diverse influenza A viruses. PLoS Pathog. 2013; 9(10):e1003657. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003657.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veen J., Yurlov A.K., Delany S.N., Mihantiev A.I., Selivanova M.A., Boere G.C. An atlas of movements of Southwest Siberian waterbirds. Wetlands International; 2005. 60 p. Available from: http://www.wetlands.org/Portals/0/publications/Analyses/West%20Siberia%20flyway.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veen J., Yurlov A.K., Delany S.N., Mihantiev A.I., Selivanova M.A., Boere G.C. An atlas of movements of Southwest Siberian waterbirds. Wetlands International; 2005. 60 p. Available from: http://www.wetlands.org/Portals/0/publications/Analyses/West%20Siberia%20flyway.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verhagen J.H., Herfst S., Fouchier R.A.M. How a virus travels the world. Science. 2015; 347(6222):616-7. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6724.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verhagen J.H., Herfst S., Fouchier R.A.M. How a virus travels the world. Science. 2015; 347(6222):616–7. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6724.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verhagen J.H., van der Jeugd H.P., Nolet B.A., Slaterus R., Kharitonov S.P., de Vries P.P., Vuong O., Majoor F., Kuiken T., Fouchier R.A. Wild bird surveillance around outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus in the Netherlands, 2014, within the context of global flyways. Euro Surveill. 2015; 20(12):pii=21069. DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES2015.20.12.21069</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verhagen J.H., van der Jeugd H.P., Nolet B.A., Slaterus R., Kharitonov S.P., de Vries P.P., Vuong O., Majoor F., Kuiken T., Fouchier R.A. Wild bird surveillance around outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus in the Netherlands, 2014, within the context of global flyways. Euro Surveill. 2015; 20(12):pii=21069. DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES2015.20.12.21069</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vladimirtseva M.V., Germogenov N.I. Birds of Yakutia: Fauna Diversity, Ecology, Role in Ecosystems and Human Life. J. Biodivers. Endanger Species. 2013; 1:114. DOI: 10.4172/2332-2543.1000114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vladimirtseva M.V., Germogenov N.I. Birds of Yakutia: Fauna Diversity, Ecology, Role in Ecosystems and Human Life. J. Biodivers. Endanger Species. 2013; 1:114. DOI: 10.4172/2332-2543.1000114.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Webster R.G., Bean W.J., Gorman O.T., Chambers T.M., Kawaoka Y. Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. Microbiol. Rev. 1992; 56(1):152-79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Webster R.G., Bean W.J., Gorman O.T., Chambers T.M., Kawaoka Y. Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. Microbiol. Rev. 1992; 56(1):152–79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO, OIE, FAO, H5N1 Evolution Working Group. Toward a unified nomenclature system for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1). Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2008; 14(7):e1. DOI: 10.3201/eid1407.071681.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO, OIE, FAO, H5N1 Evolution Working Group. Toward a unified nomenclature system for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1). Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2008; 14(7):e1. DOI: 10.3201/eid1407.071681.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO/OIE/FAO H5N1 Evolution Working Group. Continued evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1): Updated nomenclature. Influenza Other Respir. Viruses. 2012; 6(1):1-5. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00298.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO/OIE/FAO H5N1 Evolution Working Group. Continued evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1): Updated nomenclature. Influenza Other Respir. Viruses. 2012; 6(1):1–5. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00298.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization (WHO). Antigenic and genetic characteristics of zoonotic influenza viruses and candidate vaccine viruses developed for potential use in human vaccines. September 2015 [cited 20.10.2015]. Available from: http://www.who.int/influenza/vaccines/virus/characteristics_virus_vaccines/en.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization (WHO). Antigenic and genetic characteristics of zoonotic influenza viruses and candidate vaccine viruses developed for potential use in human vaccines. September 2015 [cited 20.10.2015]. Available from: http://www.who.int/influenza/vaccines/virus/characteristics_virus_vaccines/en.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization (WHO). Cumulative number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO. [Cited 14.12.2015]. Available from: http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/H5N1_cumulative_table_archives/en/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization (WHO). Cumulative number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO. [Cited 14.12.2015]. Available from: http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/H5N1_cumulative_table_archives/en/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World organization for animal health (OIE). Update on highly pathogenic avian influenza in animals (type h5 and h7). Paris: OIE; 2015 [cited 11.01.2016]. Available from: http://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/update-on-avian-influenza/2016/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World organization for animal health (OIE). Update on highly pathogenic avian influenza in animals (type h5 and h7). Paris: OIE; 2015 [cited 11.01.2016]. Available from: http://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-inthe-world/update-on-avian-influenza/2016/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu H., Peng X., Xu L., Jin C., Cheng L., Lu X., Xie T., Yao H., Wu N. Novel reassortant influenza A(H5N8) viruses in domestic ducks, eastern China. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2014; 20(8):1315-8. DOI: 10.3201/eid2008.140339.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu H., Peng X., Xu L., Jin C., Cheng L., Lu X., Xie T., Yao H., Wu N. Novel reassortant influenza A(H5N8) viruses in domestic ducks, eastern China. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2014; 20(8):1315–8. DOI: 10.3201/eid2008.140339.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
