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microbe

Проблемы особо опасных инфекций

Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections

0370-10692658-719X

Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”

10.21055/0370-1069-2016-2-14-23

microbe-299

Research Article

ОБЗОРЫ

REVIEWS

Холерные вибрионы неО1/неО139 серогрупп в этиологии острых кишечных инфекций: современная ситуация в России и в мире

Cholera Vibrios of nonO1/nonO139 Serogroups in Etiology of Acute Intestinal Infections: Current Situation in Russia and Around the World

Монахова

Е. В.

Monakhova

E. V.

plague@aaanet.ru

Архангельская

И. В.

Arkhangel’Skaya

I. V.

plague@aaanet.ru

Ростовский-на-Дону научно-исследовательский противочумный институтРоссияRostov-on-Don Research Anti-Plague InstituteRussian Federation

2016

20062016

021423

2016

Монахова Е.В., Архангельская И.В.

Monakhova E.V., Arkhangel’Skaya I.V.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/299

Холерные вибрионы неО1/неО139 серогрупп (НАГ-вибрионы) широко известны как естественные обитатели открытых водоемов и как возбудители острых кишечных инфекций (ОКИ) различной степени тяжести. На фоне текущего стремительного распространения новых высоковирулентных штаммов Vibrio cholerae Эль Тор моральный и экономический ущерб, наносимый НАГ-вибрионами, не столь заметен, но, тем не менее, реален и достаточно значителен. Несмотря на редкую причастность к крупным вспышкам, НАГ-вибрионы занимают не последнее место в этиологии ОКИ во всем мире и представляют потенциальную угрозу здоровью населения нашей страны. В обзоре рассматривается современная ситуация по заболеваемости НАГ-инфекциями в разных странах, включая Россию, а также молекулярные основы патогенности и лекарственной устойчивости возбудителей. Анализ литературных данных выявил крайнюю гетерогенность популяций НАГ-вибрионов, циркулирующих на определенных территориях, по наличию/отсутствию детерминант факторов патогенности, персистенции, жизнеобеспечения и антибиотикорезистентности. Совокупный генофонд популяции представлен достаточно большим набором генов и может пополняться за счет заносов штаммов с отличными от имеющихся генотипами из других регионов. Отсюда вытекает опасность формирования клонов с повышенным патогенетическим, а возможно, и эпидемическим потенциалом за счет генетического обмена, и последствия их возникновения непредсказуемы. Поэтому НАГ-вибрионы требуют внимания со стороны исследователей и санэпидслужб Российской Федерации.

Cholera vibrios of nonO1/nonO139 serogroups (NAG vibrios) are well known as natural inhabitants of aquatic environments and as agents of acute intestinal infections (AII) with different degree of severity. On the background of the current vehement dissemination of the new highly virulent Vibrio cholerae El Tor strains, the moral and economic damage from NAG vibrios is not that evident, but still, not less real and rather significant. In spite of rare association with large outbreaks, NAG vibrios rank in the etiology of AII all over the world and pose a potential threat for the population health in our country. The paper reviews the present-day morbidity as regards NAG infections in various countries, including Russia; as well as the molecular premises of the agents’ pathogenicity and drug resistance. Analysis of the published data has revealed an utter heterogeneity of NAG populations, circulating in certain territories, by reference to the presence/absence of genetic determinants of pathogenicity, persistence, housekeeping and antibiotic resistance factors. Nevertheless, the joint gene-pool of the population includes rather a wide set of genes and can expand due to importations of strains, which differ from resident ones in the genotypes, from other regions. This brings about the danger of emergence of clones with higher pathogenic and, probably, even epidemic potential driven by gene exchange, and the consequences of their occurrence are unpredictable. Therefore, the NAG vibrios demand proper attention from investigators and sanitary-epidemiological institutions of the Russian Federation.

Vibrio cholerae nonO1/nonO139НАГ-вибрионызаболеваемостьфакторы патогенностиантибиотикорезистентностьгетерогенность популяцийNAG vibriosmorbiditypathogenicity factorsantibiotic resistancepopulation heterogeneity

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.