microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2016-2-28-35microbe-301Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSАдъювантные технологии в создании современных вакцинAdjuvant Technologies in the Construction of Advanced VaccinesСемаковаА. П.SemakovaA. P.rusrapi@microbe.ruМикшисН. И.MikshisN. I.rusrapi@microbe.ruРоссийский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»РоссияRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”Russian Federation201620062016022835Copyright © Семакова А.П., Микшис Н.И., 20162016Семакова А.П., Микшис Н.И.Semakova A.P., Mikshis N.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/301

Важнейшей задачей вакцинологии является поиск новых адъювантов, действующих непосредственно на иммунокомпетентные клетки и стимулирующих формирование выраженного адаптивного иммунного ответа. Адъюванты применяются в вакцинах для усиления иммунного ответа уже на протяжении столетия. На различных стадиях испытаний находится немало современных адъювантов, способных не только усиливать поглощение антигена антигенпрезентирующими клетками (АПК) или доставлять его в зоны локализации иммунокомпетентных клеток, но и выступать в качестве непосредственных иммуноактиваторов. При выборе адъюванта особое внимание уделяется эффективности активации иммунологической памяти, способности к комплексной стимуляции Th1 и Th2 иммунного ответа, обеспечению выраженного иммунного ответа при снижении дозы вакцины и кратности введения, отсутствию токсичности для организма. На сегодняшний день предпочтение отдается модификаторам функций рецепторов врожденного иммунитета и их сигнальных путей.

Overarching objective of vaccinology is a search of new adjuvants, directly influencing immune-competent cells and stimulating expressed adaptive immune responses. Adjuvants have been used for the enhancement of immune response for over a hundred years. A considerable number of recent adjuvants capable not only to reinforce antigen intake by antigen-presenting cells (APC) or deliver it to the sites of immune-competent cell localization, but also acting as immediate immune activators, are at various stages of trials. When selecting an adjuvant a special attention should be given to the efficacy of immunological memory activation, capacity for complex Th1 and Th2 stimulation, provision for expressed immune response in the context of vaccine dose tapering and lowering of the frequency of administration, and innocuousness for the organism. Nowadays preference is set on the modifiers of functions and signaling pathways of innate immunity receptors.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.