microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2017-1-65-71microbe-372Research ArticleЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯEPIDEMIOLOGYСОВРЕМЕННАЯ СИТУАЦИЯ ПО СИБИРСКОЙ ЯЗВЕ В РОССИИ И МИРЕ. ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ОСОБЕННОСТИTHE CURRENT SITUATION ON ANTHRAX IN RUSSIA AND IN THE WORLD. MAIN TRENDS AND FEATURESЕременкоЕ. И.EremenkoE. I.

355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13-15, e-mail: snipchi@ mail.stv.ru

13-15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035, e-mail: snipchi@mail.stv.ru

snipchi@mail.stv.ruРязановаА. Г.RyazanovaA. G.

355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13-15, e-mail: snipchi@ mail.stv.ru

13-15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035, e-mail: snipchi@mail.stv.ru

snipchi@mail.stv.ruБуравцеваН. П.BuravtsevaN. P.

355035, Ставрополь, ул. Советская, 13-15, e-mail: snipchi@ mail.stv.ru

13-15, Sovetskaya St., Stavropol, 355035, e-mail: snipchi@mail.stv.ru

snipchi@mail.stv.ruСтавропольский научно-исследовательский противочумный институтРоссияStavropol Research Anti-Plague InstituteRussian Federation201720032017016571Copyright © Еременко Е.И., Рязанова А.Г., Буравцева Н.П., 20172017Еременко Е.И., Рязанова А.Г., Буравцева Н.П.Eremenko E.I., Ryazanova A.G., Buravtseva N.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/372

 Современная ситуация по сибирской язве характеризуется как нестабильная. Нестабильность связана с периодически возникающими эпизоотическими вспышками, осложняющимися заболеваемостью людей, так как люди заражаются преимущественно в результате контакта с больными животными, их трупами или продуктами животноводства. Выявлены новые механизмы распространения инфекции при аэрозольном заражении вследствие преднамеренного использования спор B. Anthracis в целях биотрерроризма и в результате использования африканских барабанов, контаминированных спорами сибиреязвенного микроба, парэнтеральном употреблении контаминированного героина, приведшем к выделению новой клинической формы сибирской язвы – инъекционной. Представления об эволюции возбудителя сибирской язвы пополнились знаниями о существовании патогенных штаммов бацилл, занимающих промежуточное положение между B. Anthracis и B. Cereus. В области экологии сибиреязвенного микроба наметились новые аспекты проблемы обитания во внешней среде, связанные со взаимодействием с бактериофагами, почвенной микрофлорой и ризосферой. Исследования, связанные с экологическими особенностями ниш обитания и генотипами сибиреязвенного микроба, объясняющими географическое распределение областей с высоким риском заболеваемости, могут позволить оптимизировать программы иммунизации животных, являющейся самой эффективной мерой профилактики сибирской язвы.

 

The current situation on anthrax is characterized as unstable. Instability is associated with recurring epizootic outbreaks complicated by human anthrax cases, as people contract infection mainly through contact with sick animals, their carcasses or animal products. Mentioned are new aerosol and parenteral ways of anthrax contracting. Parenteral use of contaminated heroin led to emergence of new clinical form of anthrax – injectional. Conception on anthrax agent evolution is replenished by data on pathogenic bacilli strains, that occupy an intermediate position between B. anthracis and B. cereus. Ecology of anthrax microbe is considered in view of its interaction with bacteriophages, rhizosphere and soil microflora. Research related to the environmental characteristics of habitat niches and genotypes of B. anthracis, explaining the geographical distribution of areas with a high risk of disease, may allow to optimize the program of animals immunization, which is the most effective measure for the prevention of anthrax.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.