References

microbe

Проблемы особо опасных инфекций

Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections

0370-10692658-719X

Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”

10.21055/0370-1069-2017-2-72-77

microbe-396

Research Article

БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ, ИММУНОЛОГИЯ

BIOTECHNOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY

ЖИВЫЕ ПРОТИВООСПЕННЫЕ ВАКЦИНЫ

LIVE ANTIVARIOLIC VACCINES

Максютов

Р. А.

Maksyutov

R. A.

630559, Новосибирская обл., п. Кольцово

Kol’tsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559

vector@vector.nsc.ru

Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор»РоссияState Scientific Centre of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”Russian Federation

2017

20062017

027277

2017

Максютов Р.А.

Maksyutov R.A.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/396

Ликвидация натуральной оспы в результате кампании глобальной вакцинации до сих пор остается одним из величайших триумфов медицинской науки. С учетом последующего прекращения вакцинации в настоящее время человеческая популяция практически не имеет противооспенного иммунитета и является беззащитной перед патогенными для человека ортопоксвирусами. Использование классической живой вакцины первого поколения, получаемой размножением вируса на коже телят, или вакцины второго поколения, продуцируемой на культурах клеток млекопитающих, или развивающихся куриных эмбрионах, для массовой вакцинации в настоящее время недопустимо из-за значительного увеличения в последние десятилетия иммунодефицитных состояний в человеческой популяции. Аттенуированные нереплицирующиеся противооспенные вакцины третьего поколения, создаваемые в процессе множественных пассажей вируса осповакцины (ВОВ) в культуре клеток гетерологичного хозяина, индуцируют более низкий противооспенный иммунитет в сравнении с классической вакциной. Наиболее перспективным подходом является получение противооспенной вакцины четвертого поколения путем направленного нарушения генов ВОВ, контролирующих защитные реакции организма против вирусной инфекции, генов круга хозяев и генов, участвующих в метаболизме нуклеиновых кислот, не затрагивая гены, контролирующие размножение вируса. Новый аттенуированный и высокоиммуногенный штамм ВОВ LIVPΔ6 с нарушением шести генов вирулентности в настоящее время проходит доклинические исследования и в дальнейшем может явиться эффективной и безопасной вакциной четвертого поколения против натуральной оспы и других ортопоксвирусных инфекций человека.

Smallpox eradication due to global vaccination is still one of the paramount triumphs of medical science. Given the termination of the subsequent immunization, nowadays humanity virtually possesses no antivariolic immunity and is unprotected against the pathogenic for humans orthopoxviruses. Utilization of the first-generation traditional live vaccines, obtained with the help of the virus replication on calf skin, or the second-generation preparation, produced in mammalian cell cultures or grown on bird embryos, for mass vaccination is currently unacceptable in view of considerable increase in immune deficiency states among the human population within the recent decades. Attenuated non-replicating antivariolic vaccines of the third generation, obtained in the process of multiple vaccinia virus (VV) passage on cell cultures of heterologous host, induce weaker antivariolic response as compared to traditional vaccine. The most prospective approach is to produce the vaccines of the fourth generation, applying targeted VV genes’ mutation, which control protective reactions of an organism against viral infection, as well as host range genes and the genes involved in nucleic acid metabolism, while skipping the genes responsible for virus replication. Novel attenuated and highly immunogenic strain, VV LIVPΔ6, having mutations in 6 virulence genes, is presently in the phase of pre-clinical trial and later on it may turn an effective and safe vaccine of the fourth generation against smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections in humans.

натуральная оспаоспа обезьянаттенуированная высокоиммуногенная противооспенная вакцина четвертого поколения

smallpoxMonkeypoxattenuated highly immunogenic vaccine of the fourth generation

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.