<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2017-3-90-94</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-419</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ, ИММУНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOTECHNOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЭФФЕКТ ИММУНОМОДУЛЯТОРОВ И ПРОТИВОТУЛЯРЕМИЙНОЙ ВАКЦИНАЦИИ НА АПОПТОЗ И ЛИЗИС СПЛЕНОЦИТОВ, ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВУЮЩИХ IN VITRO C ТУЛЯРИНОМ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EFFECT OF IMMUNOMODULATORS AND ANTI-TULAREMIA VACCINATION ON APOPTOSIS AND LYSIS OF SPLENOCYTES INTERACTING WITH TULYARIN IN VITRO</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравцов</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravtsov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клюева</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyueva</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щуковская</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchukovskaya</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бугоркова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bugorkova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кравцов А.Л., Клюева С.Н., Щуковская Т.Н., Бугоркова С.А., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кравцов А.Л., Клюева С.Н., Щуковская Т.Н., Бугоркова С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kravtsov A.L., Klyueva S.N., Shchukovskaya T.N., Bugorkova S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/419">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/419</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы. Оценка влияния иммуномодуляторов на интенсивность пост-апоптотического лизиса лейкоцитов сенсибилизированного организма в присутствии специфических антигенов туляремийного микроба в условиях in vitro.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе использовался метод проточной цитофлуориметрии для определения относительного содержания пролиферирующих и апоптотических спленоцитов мышей, иммунизированных против туляремии на фоне иммуномодуляции.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и выводы</title><p>Результаты и выводы. В работе получена информация, которая согласуется с современными данными о массивном апоптозе и пост-апоптотическом аутолизисе (вторичном некрозе) лейкоцитов при туляремийной инфекции. Учитывая важную роль лейкоцитолиза в развитии системной воспалительной реакции, для снижения реактогенных свойств живой туляремийной вакцины может быть перспективно использование иммуномодуляторов, подавляющих апоптоз макрофагов и лизис погибших лейкоцитов при взаимодействии с антигенами Francisella tularensis. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of immunomodulators on the intensity of the post-apoptotic lysis of sensitized organism leukocytes in the presence of specific antigens of tularemia microbe in vitro.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Flow cytometry method was used to determine the relative content of apoptotic and proliferating splenocytes obtained from mice, immunized against tularemia against the background of immunomodulation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and conclusions</title><p>Results and conclusions. Obtained is the evidence that is consistent with modern data on the massive leukocyte apoptosis and post-apoptotic leukocyte autolysis (secondary necrosis) in case of tularemia infection. Given the important role of secondary necrosis in the systemic inflammatory response development, the use of immunomodulators suppressing macrophage apoptosis and dead leukocyte lysis, emerging in the course of interaction with Francisella tularensis antigens, may be promising in order to reduce the live tularemia vaccine reactogenicity.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Francisella tularensis</kwd><kwd>живая туляремийная вакцина</kwd><kwd>апоптоз и вторичный некроз лейкоцитов</kwd><kwd>полиоксидоний</kwd><kwd>даларгин</kwd><kwd>проточная цитометрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Francisella tularensis</kwd><kwd>live tularemia vaccine</kwd><kwd>apoptosis and secondary necrosis of leukocytes</kwd><kwd>polyoxidonium</kwd><kwd>dalargin</kwd><kwd>flow cytometry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахматова Н.К., Грубер И.М., Ахматов Э.А., Черкасова Л.С., Игнатова О.М., Михайлова Н.А. Стафилококковая вакцина: влияние на киллерную активность лейкоцитов и неспецифическую резистентность. Иммунология. 2014; 35(3):143–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhmatova N.K., Gruber I.M., Akhmatov E.A., Cherkasova L.S., Ignatova O.M., Mikhailova N.A. [Staphylococcal vaccine: effect on killer activity of leucocytes and non-specific resistance]. Immunologia. 2014; 35(3):143–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балачевский Б.В., Курзанов А.Н., Славинский А.А. Даларгин-индуцируемая модуляция функционально-метаболи­ ческой активности нейтрофильных лейкоцитов. Успехи совр. естествознания. 2008; 5:75–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balachevsky B.V., Kurzanov A.N., Slavinsky A.A. [Dalargin-induced modulation of functional-metabolic activity in neutrophilic leucocytes]. Uspekhi Sovrem. Estestvoznaniya. 2008; 5:75–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дьяконова В.А., Дамбаева С.В., Голубева Н.М., Бураков В.В., Шаронов Г.В., Комогорова Е.Э., Пинегин Б.В. Изучение механизма действия иммуномодулятора полиоксидония на клеточном и молекулярном уровнях на клетках периферической крови человека в условиях in vitro. Физиол. и патол. иммунной системы. 2004; 8(2):32–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’yakonova V.A., Dambaeva S.V., Golubeva N.M., Burakov V.V., Sharonov G.V., Komogorova E.E., Pinegin B.V. [Investigation of the mechanism of action of such immune-modulator as polyoxidonium at the cellular and molecular levels by the example of human peripheral blood cells in vitro]. Fiziol. i Patol. Immunnoi Sistemy. 2004; 8(2):32–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г., Кутырев В.В., редакторы. Лабораторная диагностика опасных инфекционных болезней. Практическое руководство. М.: ЗАО «Шико»; 2013. 560 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onishchenko G.G., Kutyrev V.V., editors. [Laboratory Diagnostics of Dangerous Infectious Diseases. Practice Guidelines]. M.: CJSC “Shiko”; 2013. 560 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сибиряк С.В., Хайдуков С.В., Зурочка А.В. Оценка апоптоза в иммунологических исследованиях. Вопросы современной проточной цитометрии. Клиническое применение. Челябинск:Бумажный двор; 2008. 195 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sibiryak S.V., Khaidukov S.V., Zurochka A.V. [Assessment of apoptosis in immunological  investigations]. In: [Problems of Modern Flow Cytometry. Clinical Application]. Chelyabinsk; 2008. 195 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фримель Х. Иммунологические методы. М.: Медицина; 1987. 472 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frimel Kh. [Immunological Methods]. M.: “Meditsina”; 1987. 472 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bi Y., Du Z., Yang H., Guo Z., Tan Y., Zhu Z., Yang R. Reduced apoptosis of mouse macrophages induced by yscW mutant of Yersinia pestis results from the reduced secretion of YopJ and relates to caspase-3 signal pathway. Scand. J. Immunol. 2009; 70(4):358–67. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02297.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bi Y., Du Z., Yang H., Guo Z., Tan Y., Zhu Z., Yang R. Reduced apoptosis of mouse macrophages induced by yscW mutant of Yersinia pestis results from the reduced secretion of YopJ and relates to caspase-3 signal pathway. Scand. J. Immunol. 2009; 70(4):358–67. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02297.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Landoni V.I., Chiarella P., Martire-Greco D., Schierloh P., van Rooijen N., Rearte B., Palermo M.S., Isturiz M.A., Fernandez G.C. Tolerance to lipopolysaccharide promotes an enhanced neutrophil extracellular traps formation leading to a more efficient bacterial clearance in mice. Clin. Exper. Immunol. 2012; 168(1):153–63. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04560.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Landoni V.I., Chiarella P., Martire-Greco D., Schierloh P., van Rooijen N., Rearte B., Palermo M.S., Isturiz M.A., Fernandez G.C. Tolerance to lipopolysaccharide promotes an enhanced neutrophil extracellular traps formation leading to a more efficient bacterial clearance in mice. Clin. Exper. Immunol. 2012; 168(1):153–63. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04560.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silva M.T. Bacteria-induced phagocyte secondary necrosis as a pathogenicity mechanism. J. Leuk. Biology. 2010; 88(5):885–96. DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0410205.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silva M.T. Bacteria-induced phagocyte secondary necrosis as a pathogenicity mechanism. J. Leuk. Biology. 2010; 88(5):885–96. DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0410205.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silva M.T., do Vale A., dos Santos N.M. Secondary necrosis in multicellular animals: an outcome of apoptosis with pathogenic implications. Apoptosis. 2008; 13(4):463–82. DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0187-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silva M.T., do Vale A., dos Santos N.M. Secondary necrosis in multicellular animals: an outcome of apoptosis with pathogenic implications. Apoptosis. 2008; 13(4):463–82. DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0187-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
