<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2018-2-30-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-476</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современное состояние разработки вакцин для специфической профилактики геморрагических лихорадок, вызываемых аренавирусами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Current State of Vaccine Development for Specific Prophylactics of Arenaviral Hemorrhagic Fevers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сизикова</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sizikova</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сыромятникова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Syromyatnikova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисевич</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisevich</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ«48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации, Сергиев Посад</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution «48th Central Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Sergiev Possad</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сизикова Т.Е., Лебедев В.Н., Сыромятникова С.И., Борисевич С.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сизикова Т.Е., Лебедев В.Н., Сыромятникова С.И., Борисевич С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sizikova T.E., Lebedev V.N., Syromyatnikova S.I., Borisevich S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/476">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/476</self-uri><abstract><p>Род Arenavirus (семейство Arenaviridae) в настоящее время включает в себя 26 отдельных видов вирусов. Разделяют две основные группы – аренавирусы Старого Света и Нового Света. Аренавирусы Нового Света разделяют на четыре клайда: А, B, C, D. Вирусы Ласса, Луйо, Мачупо, Хунин, Гуанарито и Сабиа являются возбудителями особо опасных геморрагических лихорадок: Ласса, Луйо, Боливийской, Аргентинской, Венесуэльской и Бразильской лихорадок соответственно. Эти аренавирусы представляют потенциальную угрозу для отечественного здравоохранения вследствие возможности их случайного завоза на территорию России. Вакцинация групп риска является наиболее эффективным и экономичным способом защиты. Целью настоящего обзора является анализ разрабатываемых специфических средств профилактики аренавирусных геморрагических лихорадок. В качестве основных направлений создания эффективных вакцин в отношении аренавирусных геморрагических лихорадок в настоящее время рассматривается создание живых вакцин на основе аттенуированных штаммов возбудителей, ДНК-вакцин, векторных рекомбинантных вакцин и вакцин на основе РНК-репликонов. В обзоре рассмотрены наиболее значимые результаты в направлении создания эффективных средств профилактики в отношении аренавирусных геморрагических лихорадок.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Presently, the Arenavirus genus (Arenaviridae family) includes 26 individual species of viruses. It is divided into two main groups – Old World arenaviruses and New World arenaviruses. The New World arenaviruses comprise four clades: А, B, C, D; pathogenic for humans New World arenaviruses are attributed to clade B. Lassa, Lujo, Machupo, Junin, Guanarito and Sabia viruses are the agents of extremely hazardous hemorrhagic fevers (Lassa hemorrhagic fever, Lujo hemorrhagic fever, Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, Argentinean hemorrhagic fever, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever, Brazilian hemorrhagic fever, accordingly). These arenaviruses pose a potential threat to national public health due to the possibility of their accidental importation into the territory of the Russian Federation. The vaccination of risk group is the most effective and money-saving means of protection against epidemic spread. Objective of this review is to analyze the specific preparations for arenaviral hemorrhagic fever prevention that are currently under development. Production of live vaccines based on attenuated strains of the agents, the DNA vaccines, vector recombinant vaccines and vaccines on the basis of RNA-replicons is viewed as the main trends in the area. Тhe most important results in the development of effective prophylactic means against arenaviral hemorrhagic fevers are discussed in this paper.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>геморрагические лихорадки</kwd><kwd>аренавирусы</kwd><kwd>вирус Ласса</kwd><kwd>вирус Мачупо</kwd><kwd>вирус Хунин</kwd><kwd>специфическая профилактика</kwd><kwd>живые вакцины</kwd><kwd>векторные рекомбинантные вакцины</kwd><kwd>РНК-репликоны</kwd><kwd>ДНК-вакцины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hemorrhagic fevers</kwd><kwd>arenaviruses</kwd><kwd>Lassa virus</kwd><kwd>Machupo virus</kwd><kwd>Junin virus</kwd><kwd>specific prophylactics</kwd><kwd>live vaccines</kwd><kwd>vector recombinant vaccines</kwd><kwd>RNA-replicons</kwd><kwd>DNA vaccines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Альтштейн А.Д. Вирусные инфекции и генетическая инженерия. Биотехнология. 1987; 3(3):276–83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">References 1. Al’tshtein A.D. [Viral infections and genetic engineering]. Biotekhnologiya.1987; 3(3): 276–83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляев А.С., Дмитриев И.П., Игнатьев Г.М., Мизенко Г.А., Путинцева Н.И., Сабиров А.Н., Самуков В.В., Семенова Л.Н., Аммосов А.Д., Рукавишников М.Ю., Красавина И.Н., Муратов П.Ю., Микрюков И.Н., Шевлягина Л.Р., Константинов А.П., Сандахчиев Л.С. Рекомбинантный вирус осповакцины, экспрессирующий средний pre-S2-S-белок оболочки вируса гепатита В. Индукция гуморального и клеточного иммунитета при иммунизации лабораторных животных. Доклады Академии наук СССР. 1990; 314(2):488–91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyaev A.S., Dmitriev I.P., Ignat’ev G.M., Mizenko G.A., Putintseva N.I., Sabirov A.N., Samukov V.V., Semenova L.N., Ammosov A.D., Rukavishnikov M.Yu., Krasavina I.N., Muratov P.Yu., Mikryukov I.N., Shevlyagina L.R., Konstantinov A.P., Sandakhchiev L.S. [Recombinant vaccinia virus expressing medium pre-S2-S-protein of the husk of Hepatitis B virus. Induction of humoral and cellular immunity in case of laboratory animals’ vaccination]. Reports of the Academy of Sciences of USSR. 1990; 314 (2): 488–91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борисевич С.В., Михайлов В.В., Бектемиров Т.А., Перекрест В.В., Махлай А.А., Подкуйко В.Н., Борисевич И.В., Ручко В.М., Стовба Л.Ф., Левитов А.Т., Логинова С.Я., Кириллов В.Б., Максимов В.А., Рыбак С.И., Васильев Н.Т. Оценка возможности использования аттенуированных штаммов вируса вакцины для конструирования на их основе рекомбинантной вакцины против СПИДа. Русский журнал ВИЧ/СПИД и родственные проблемы. 2001; 5(2):75–89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisevich S.V., Mikhailov V.V., Bektemirov T.A., Perekrest V.V., Makhlay A.A., Podkuiko V.N., Borisevich I.V., Ruchko V.M., Stobva L.F., Levitov A.T., Loginova S.Ya., Kirillov V.B., Maksimov V.A., Rybak S.I., Vasil’ev N.T. [Assessment of the possibility of using attenuated vaccinia strains for the construction of recombinant vaccine against AIDS]. Russky Zhurnal VICH/SPID i Rodstvennye Problemy. 2001; 5(2): 75–89.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борисевич И.В., Маркин В.А., Фирсова И.В., Хамитов Р.А., Максимов В.А., Евсеев А.А. Эпидемиология, профилактика и лечение геморрагических лихорадок (Марбург, Эбола, Ласса и Боливийской). Вопросы вирусологии. 2006; 5(51):8–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisevich I.V., Markin V.A., Firsova I.V., Khaitov R.A., Maksimov V.A., Evseev A.A. [Epidemiology, prophylaxis and treatment of hemorrhagic fevers (Marburg, Ebola, Lassa, Bolivian one)]. Voprosy Virusologii. 2006; 5(51): 8–16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васючков А.Д., Фидаров Ф.М., Лукашевич И.С. Штаммреассортант вирусов Ласса и Мопейя для получения иммуно- биологических препаратов. Патент СССР № 4899495/13, опубл. 1991.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasyukov A.D., Fidarov F.M., Lukashevich I.S. [Strain- reassortant of Lassa and Mopeya viruses for immune-biological preparation production]. USSR Patent No 4899495/13, 1991.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вирусные геморрагические лихорадки. Доклад комитета экспертов ВОЗ. Женева; 1986. 120 с. 7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers]. Report of the WHO Expert Committee. Geneva, 1986. 120 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Игнатьев Г.М. Иммуногенные и протективные свойств рекомбинантного белка NP вируса Ласса. Вопросы вирусологии. 2002; 2:28–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ignat’ev G.M. [Immunogenic and protective properties of recombinant protein NP of Lassa virus]. Voprosy Virusologii. 2002; 2: 28–31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полимеразная цепная реакция (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) раздел «генная инженерия». Биотехнология. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://www.biotechnolog.ru/ge/ge8_2.htm (дата обращения 10.05.2017).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Polymerase chain reaction, PCR; “Gene Engineering” Section]. Biotekhnologiya. [Internet]. (Cited 10 May 2017). Available from: http://www.biotechnolog.ru/ge/ge8_2.htm.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прасолов В.С., Иванов Д.С. Ретровирусные векторы в генной терапии. Вопросы медицинской химии. 2000; 46(3):207–25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prasolov V.S., Ivanov D.S. [Retroviral vectors in gene therapy]. Voprosy Meditsinskoy Khimii. 2000; 46(3):207–25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abraham J., Kwong J.A., Albariño C.G., Lu J.G., Radonitzky S.R., Salazar-Bravo J., Farzan M., Spiropoulou C.F., Choe H. Hostspecies transferring receptor 1 orthologs are cellular receptors for nonpathogenic New World Clade B arenaviruses. PLos Pathog. 2009; 5(4):e1000358. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000358.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abraham J., Kwong J.A., Albariño C.G., Lu J.G., Radonitzky S.R., Salazar-Bravo J., Farzan M., Spiropoulou C.F., Choe H. Hostspecies transferring receptor 1 orthologs are cellular receptors for nonpathogenic New World Clade B arenaviruses. PLos Pathog. 2009; 5(4):e1000358. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000358.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Auperin D.D., Esposito J.J., Lange J.V., Bauer S.P., Knight J., Sasso D.R., McCormick J.B. Construction of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the Lassa virus glycoprotein gene and protection of guinea pigs from a lethal Lassa virus infection. Virus. Res. 1988; 9(2–3):233–48. PMID: 3354260.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Auperin D.D., Esposito J.J., Lange J.V., Bauer S.P., Knight J., Sasso D.R., McCormick J.B. Construction of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the Lassa virus glycoprotein gene and protection of guinea pigs from a lethal Lassa virus infection. Virus. Res. 1988; 9(2–3):233–48. PMID: 3354260.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Branco L.M., Grove J.N., Geske F.J., Bolsen M.L., Muncy I.J., Magliaro S.A., Henderson L.A., Schoepp R.J., Cashman K.A., Hensley L.E., Garry R. Lassa virus-like particles displaying all major immunological determinants as a vaccine candidate for Lassa hemorrhagic fever. Virol. J. 2010; 7:279. DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-7-279.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Branco L.M., Grove J.N., Geske F.J., Bolsen M.L., Muncy I.J., Magliaro S.A., Henderson L.A., Schoepp R.J., Cashman K.A., Hensley L.E., Garry R. Lassa virus-like particles displaying all major immunological determinants as a vaccine candidate for Lassa hemor- rhagic fever. Virol. J. 2010; 7:279. DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-7-279.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cajimat M.N.B. Genetic diversity and taxonomical relation- ships among the Tacaribe serocomplex viruses (family Arenaviridae). Dph Dissertation. Texas University Press; 2007. 98 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cajimat M.N.B. Genetic diversity and taxonomical relation- ships among the Tacaribe serocomplex viruses (family Arenaviridae). Dph Dissertation. Texas University Press; 2007. 98 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Bolivian hemorrhagic fever – El Beni Department, Bolivia 1994. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 1994; 43(50):943–6. PMID: 7990799.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Bolivian hemorrhagic fever – El Beni Department, Bolivia 1994. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 1994; 43(50):943–6. PMID: 7990799.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Charrel R.N., de Lamballerie X. Arenaviruses other than Lassa virus. Antiviral. Res. 2003; 57(1–2):89–100. DOI: 10.1016/ s0166-3542(02)00202-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Charrel R.N., de Lamballerie X. Arenaviruses other than Lassa virus. Antiviral. Res. 2003; 57(1–2):89–100. DOI: 10.1016/ s0166-3542(02)00202-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chattergoon M., Boyer J., Weiner D.B. Genetic immuniza- tion a new era in vaccines and immune therapetics. FASEB J. 1997; 11(10):753–63. PMID: 9271360.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chattergoon M., Boyer J., Weiner D.B. Genetic immunization a new era in vaccines and immune therapetics. FASEB J. 1997; 11(10):753–63. PMID: 9271360.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clegg J.C., Lloyd G. Vaccine recombinant expressing Lassa-virus internal nucleocapsid protein protects guinea pigs against Lassa fever. Lancet. 1987; 2(8552):186–8. PMID: 2885642.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clegg J.C., Lloyd G. Vaccine recombinant expressing Lassa-virus internal nucleocapsid protein protects guinea pigs against Lassa fever. Lancet. 1987; 2(8552):186–8. PMID: 2885642.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golden J.W., Beitzel B., Ladner J.T., Mucker E.M., Kwilas S.A., Palacios G., Hooper J.W. An attenuated Machupo virus with a disrupted L-segment intergenic region protects guinea pigs against le- thal Guanarito virus infection. Sci. Rep. 2017; 7:4679. DOI: 10.1038/ s41598-017-04889-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golden J.W., Beitzel B., Ladner J.T., Mucker E.M., Kwilas S.A., Palacios G., Hooper J.W. An attenuated Machupo virus with a disrupted L-segment intergenic region protects guinea pigs against lethal Guanarito virus infection. Sci. Rep. 2017; 7:4679. DOI: 10.1038/ s41598-017-04889-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonsales J.P., Bowen M.D., Nichol S.T., Rico-Hesse R. Genetic characterization and phylogeny of Sabiá virus, an emergent pathogen in Brazil. Virology. 1996; 221(2):318–24. DOI: 10.1006/ viro.1996.0381.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonsales J.P., Bowen M.D., Nichol S.T., Rico-Hesse R. Genetic characterization and phylogeny of Sabiá virus, an emergent pathogen in Brazil. Virology. 1996; 221(2):318–24. DOI: 10.1006/ viro.1996.0381.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dupuy L.C., Schmaljohn C.S. DNA vaccines for biodefence. Expert Rev. Vaccines. 2009; 8(12):1739–54. DOI: 10.1586/ erv.09.132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dupuy L.C., Schmaljohn C.S. DNA vaccines for biode- fence. Expert Rev. Vaccines. 2009; 8(12):1739–54. DOI: 10.1586/ erv.09.132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enria D., Barrera O.J.G. Junin virus vaccines. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 2002; 263:239–61. PMID: 11987817.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Enria D., Barrera O.J.G. Junin virus vaccines. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 2002; 263:239–61. PMID: 11987817.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferraro B., Morrow M.P., Huntick N.A., Shin T.H., Lucke C.E., Weiner D.B. Clinical application of DNA vaccines: current progress. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2011; 53(3):296–302. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ cir334.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferraro B., Morrow M.P., Huntick N.A., Shin T.H., Lucke C.E., Weiner D.B. Clinical application of DNA vaccines: current progress. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2011; 53(3):296–302. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ cir334.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonsales J.P., Bowen M.D., Nichol S.T., Rico-Hesse R. Genetic characterization and phylogeny of Sabiá virus, an emergent pathogen in Brazil. Virology. 1996; 221(2):318–24. DOI: 10.1006/ viro.1996.0381.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonsales J.P., Bowen M.D., Nichol S.T., Rico-Hesse R. Genetic characterization and phylogeny of Sabiá virus, an emergent pathogen in Brazil. Virology. 1996; 221(2):318–24. DOI: 10.1006/ viro.1996.0381.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grant-Klein R.J., Altamura L.A., Schmaljohn C.S. Progress in recombinant DNA-derived vaccines for Lassa virus and filoviruses. Virus. Res. 2011; 162(1–2):148–61. DOI: 10.1016/j. virusres.2011.09.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grant-Klein R.J., Altamura L.A., Schmaljohn C.S. Progress in recombinant DNA-derived vaccines for Lassa virus and filoviruses. Virus. Res. 2011; 162(1–2):148–61. DOI: 10.1016/j. virusres.2011.09.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang C., Kolokoltseva O.A., Yun N.E., Seregin A.V., Poussard A.L., Walker A.G., Brasier A.R., Zhao Y., Tian B., de la Torre J.C., Paessler S. Junín virus infection activates the types I inter- feron pathway in a PIG-1-depended manner. PLoS. Negl. Trop. Dis. 2012; 6(5):e1659. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001659.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang C., Kolokoltseva O.A., Yun N.E., Seregin A.V., Poussard A.L., Walker A.G., Brasier A.R., Zhao Y., Tian B., de la Torre J.C., Paessler S. Junín virus infection activates the types I interferon pathway in a PIG-1-depended manner. PLoS. Negl. Trop. Dis. 2012; 6(5):e1659. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001659.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iwasaki M., Cubbit B., Teijaro J.R., de la Torre J.C. Ceneral molecular strategy for development of arenavirus live-attenuated vaccines. J. Virol. 2015; 89(23):12166–77. DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02075-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iwasaki M., Cubbit B., Teijaro J.R., de la Torre J.C. Ceneral molecular strategy for development of arenavirus live-attenuated vaccines. J. Virol. 2015; 89(23):12166–77. DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02075-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мaiztegui J.L., McKee K.T.Jr., Barrera Oro J.G., Harrison L.H., Gibbs P.H., Feuillade M.R., Enria D.A., Briggiler A.M., Levis S.C., Ambrosio A.M., Halsey N.A., Peters C.J. Protective efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine against Argentine hemorrhag- ic fever. AHF Study Group. J. Infect. Dis. 1998; 177(2):277–83. PMID: 9466512.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en"> Мaiztegui J.L., McKee K.T.Jr., Barrera Oro J.G., Harrison L.H., Gibbs P.H., Feuillade M.R., Enria D.A., Briggiler A.M., Levis S.C., Ambrosio A.M., Halsey N.A., Peters C.J. Protective efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine against Argentine hemorrhagic fever. AHF Study Group. J. Infect. Dis. 1998; 177(2):277–83. PMID: 9466512.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peters C.J., Buchmeier M., Rollin P.E., Ksiazek Т.О. Arenaviridae. In: Fields B.N., Knipe D.M., Howley P.M. Chanock P.M., Memick J.L., Monath T.P., Roizman R., Straus S.E. editors. Virology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1996 P. 1521–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peters C.J., Buchmeier M., Rollin P.E., Ksiazek Т.О. Arenaviridae. In: Fields B.N., Knipe D.M., Howley P.M. Chanock P.M., Memick J.L., Monath T.P., Roizman R., Straus S.E. editors. Virology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1996 P. 1521–51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Potential use of live viral and bacterial vectors for vaccines: WHO meeting, Geneva, June 19–22, 1989. Vaccine. 1990; 8(5):425– 37. DOI: 10.1016/0264-410X(90)90241-D.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potential use of live viral and bacterial vectors for vaccines: WHO meeting, Geneva, June 19–22, 1989. Vaccine. 1990; 8(5):425– 37. DOI: 10.1016/0264-410X(90)90241-D.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pushko P., Geisbert J., Parker M., Jahrling P.B., Smith J. Individual and bivalent vaccines based on alphavirus replicons protect guinea pigs against lnfection with Lassa and Ebola viruses. J. Virol. 2001; 75(23):11677–85. DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.23.11677-11685.2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pushko P., Geisbert J., Parker M., Jahrling P.B., Smith J. Individual and bivalent vaccines based on alphavirus replicons protect guinea pigs against lnfection with Lassa and Ebola viruses. J. Virol. 2001; 75(23):11677–85. DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.23.11677-11685.2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radoshitzky S.R., Bao Y., Buchmeier M.J., Charrel R.N., Clawson A.N., Clegg C.S., DeRisi J.L., Emonet S., Gonzales J.P., Kuhn J.H., Lukashevich I.S., Peters C.J., Romanowski V., Salvato M.S., Stanglein M.D., de la Torre J.C. Past, present and future of arenavirus taxonomy. Arch. Virol. 2015; 160(7):1851–74. DOI: 10.1007/ s00705-015-2418-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radoshitzky S.R., Bao Y., Buchmeier M.J., Charrel R.N., Clawson A.N., Clegg C.S., DeRisi J.L., Emonet S., Gonzales J.P., Kuhn J.H., Lukashevich I.S., Peters C.J., Romanowski V., Salvato M.S., Stanglein M.D., de la Torre J.C. Past, present and future of are- navirus taxonomy. Arch. Virol. 2015; 160(7):1851–74. DOI: 10.1007/ s00705-015-2418-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radoshitzky S.R., Kuhn J.H., de Kok-Mercado F., Jahrling P.B., Bavari S. Drug discovery technologies and strategies for Machupo virus and other New World arenaviruses. Expert. Opin. Drug. Discov. 2012; 7(7):613–32. DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2012.687719.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radoshitzky S.R., Kuhn J.H., de Kok-Mercado F., Jahrling P.B., Bavari S. Drug discovery technologies and strategies for Machupo virus and other New World arenaviruses. Expert. Opin. Drug. Discov. 2012; 7(7):613–32. DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2012.687719.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rayner J.O., Dryga S.A., Kamrud K.I. Alphavirus vectors and vaccination. Rev. Med. Virol. 2002; 12(5):279–96. DOI: 10.1002/ rmv.360.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rayner J.O., Dryga S.A., Kamrud K.I. Alphavirus vectors and vaccination. Rev. Med. Virol. 2002; 12(5):279–96. DOI: 10.1002/ rmv.360. 3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salas R., Pacheco M.E., Ramos B., Taibo M.E., Jaimes E., Vasquez C., Querales J, de Manzione N., GodoyO., Betancourt A., Araoz F., Bruzual R., Garcia J., Tesh R.B., Rico-Hesse R., Shops R.E. Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever. Lancet. 1991; 338(8774):1033–6. DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91899-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salas R., Pacheco M.E., Ramos B., Taibo M.E., Jaimes E., Vasquez C., Querales J, de Manzione N., GodoyO., Betancourt A., Araoz F., Bruzual R., Garcia J., Tesh R.B., Rico-Hesse R., Shops R.E. Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever. Lancet. 1991; 338(8774):1033–6. DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91899-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seregin A.V., Yun N.E., Poussard A.L., Peng B.H., Smith J.K., Smith J.N., Paessler S. TC83 replicon vectored vaccine pro- vides protection against Junin virus in guinea pigs. Vaccine. 2010; 28(30):4713–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.077.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seregin A.V., Yun N.E., Poussard A.L., Peng B.H., Smith J.K., Smith J.N., Paessler S. TC83 replicon vectored vaccine pro- vides protection against Junin virus in guinea pigs. Vaccine. 2010; 28(30):4713–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.077.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stephan B.I., Lozano M.E., Goñi S.E. Watching every step of the way: Junin virus attenuation markers in the vaccine lineage. Curr. Genomics. 2013: 14(7):415–24. DOI: 10.2174/138920291407 131220153526.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stephan B.I., Lozano M.E., Goñi S.E. Watching every step of the way: Junin virus attenuation markers in the vaccine lineage. Curr. Genomics. 2013: 14(7):415–24. DOI: 10.2174/138920291407 131220153526.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vela E. Animal models, profilaxis, and therapeutics for Arenavirus infection. Viruses. 2012; 4(9):1802–9. DOI: 10.3390/ v4091802.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vela E. Animal models, profilaxis, and therapeutics for Arenavirus infection. Viruses. 2012; 4(9):1802–9. DOI: 10.3390/ v4091802.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weber E.B., Buchmeier M.J. Fine mapping of a peptide sequence containing an antigenic site conserved among arenaviruses. Virology. 1988; 164(1):30–8. DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90616-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weber E.B., Buchmeier M.J. Fine mapping of a peptide se- quence containing an antigenic site conserved among arenaviruses. Virology. 1988; 164(1):30–8. DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90616-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
