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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2018-2-37-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-477</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISCUSSION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генезис трансмиссивной передачи микроба чумы Yersina pestis: два подхода – молекулярно-генетический и экологический</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genesis of Flea-Born Transmission of Plague Microbe, Yersinia pestis: Two Approachs – Molecular-Genetic and Ecological Ones</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сунцов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suntsov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vvsuntsov@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н.Северцова», Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.N.Severtsev Institute of Ecology and Evolution Problems, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сунцов В.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сунцов В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Suntsov V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/477">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/477</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре рассматриваются два подхода к изучению происхождения возбудителя чумы Yersinia pestis и генезиса трансмиссивной передачи через укусы блох – молекулярно-генетический и экологический. Современные молекулярно-генетические сценарии следуют сальтационистской эволюционной идеологии и прокламируют горизонтальный перенос генов pla и ymt как центральное эволюционное событие формирования трансмиссивной передачи. Последующие делеции нескольких структурных и регуляторных генов привели к оптимизации «блокового» механизма передачи. Экологический сценарий опирается на положения современной синтетической теории эволюции и провозглашает градуалистическое популяционно-генетическое преобразование в переходной гетерогенной (гетеротермной, гетероиммунной) среде «сурок Marmota sibirica – блоха Oropsylla silantiewi» на рубеже позднего плейстоцена и голоцена. Перспективы раскрытия механизмов эволюционного формирования трансмиссивной передачи чумного микроба состоят в синтезе молекулярно-генетического и экологического подходов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Two approaches to studying the origin and transmission mechanism of the flea-borne plague pathogen, Yersinia pestis: molecular-genetic and ecological ones – are considered in this review. The molecular genetic approach is based on saltation evolutionary ideology and relies upon the phenomenon of horizontal gene transfer of pla and ymt as critical evolutionary events. Further deletion of some structural and regulatory genes optimized “blockage” mechanism of transmission. The Ecological approach is based on the modern synthetic theory of evolution. It posits a gradual population-genetic transformation in the Marmot – Flea (Marmota sibirica – Oropsylla silantiewi) transitional (heterothermal, heteroimmune) host-parasite system in Late Pleistocene – Holocene epochs. The best prospects for disclosing the mechanisms of evolutionary formation of flea-borne Y. pestis transmission consist in the synthesis of molecular-genetic and ecological approaches.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>горизонтальный перенос генов</kwd><kwd>адаптациогенез</kwd><kwd>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</kwd><kwd>Yersinia pestis</kwd><kwd>Marmota sibirica</kwd><kwd>Oropsylla silantiewi</kwd><kwd>механическая передача</kwd><kwd>биологическая трансмиссия</kwd><kwd>сартанское похолодание</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>horizontal gene transfer</kwd><kwd>adaptation-genesis</kwd><kwd>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</kwd><kwd>Y. pestis</kwd><kwd>Marmota sibirica</kwd><kwd>Oropsylla silantiewi</kwd><kwd>mechanical transmission</kwd><kwd>biological transmission</kwd><kwd>Sartan cooling</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анисимов А.П. 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