microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2018-3-25-31microbe-497Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSСовременная эпидемиологическая ситуация по особо опасным микозам в мире и прогноз ее развитияCurrent epidemiological situation on Particularly Dangerous Mycoses around the World and Forecast of Its DevelopmentЛипницкийА. В.LipnitskyA. V.

400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7

7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131

Lipnnitskii@list.ruМаркинА. М.MarkinA. M.

400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7

7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131

ШаровТ. Н.SharovT. N.

400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7

7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131

ТопорковА. В.ToporkovA. V.

400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7

7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131

ВикторовД. В.ViktorovD. V.

400131, Волгоград, ул. Голубинская, 7

7, Golubinskaya St., Volgograd, 400131

ФКУЗ «Волгоградский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт», ВолгоградРоссияVolgograd research Anti-Plague Institute, VolgogradRussian Federation201803102018032531Copyright © Липницкий А.В., Маркин А.М., Шаров Т.Н., Топорков А.В., Викторов Д.В., 20182018Липницкий А.В., Маркин А.М., Шаров Т.Н., Топорков А.В., Викторов Д.В.Lipnitsky A.V., Markin A.M., Sharov T.N., Toporkov A.V., Viktorov D.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/497

Обзор литературы посвящен эпидемиологическим аспектам распространения в мире особо опасных микозов (кокцидиоидомикоз, гистоплазмоз, бластомикоз, паракокцидиоидомикоз). Представлен прогноз заболеваемости на несколько ближайших лет. Из всех эндемических микозов наибольшую опасность представляет кокцидиоидомикоз, эндемичный для регионов Северной Америки, при заражении которыми чаще всего возникают осложнения, вплоть до диссеминации процесса у иммуноослабленных лиц. Гистоплазмоз, также относящийся к группе особо опасных микозов, поражает как людей, так и животных, эндемичен для Северной, Центральной и Южной Америки, а также Азии и Австралии. Наиболее изученные эндемичные регионы заражения бластомикозом находятся на территории Северной Америки, а паракокцидиоидомикоз эндемичен в странах Латинской Америки. Анализ работ и опубликованных материалов по особо опасным микозам за последние три года свидетельствует о повышении заболеваемости ими в мире. Подобная картина связана, прежде всего, с увеличением количества иммунокомпрометированных субъектов. Важным этапом для улучшения диагностики возбудителей особо опасных микозов является внедрение современных методов ранней диагностики микозов, в частности, молекулярно-генетических и секвенирования генома возбудителя. Это также позволило бы обнаруживать больных вне эндемических очагов.

The literature review focuses on epidemiological aspects of the spread of particularly dangerous mycoses across the world (coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis). Forecast of morbidity rates for the next few years is provided too. Out of all endemic mycoses, coccidioidomycosis, endemic for North America regions, poses the most dangerous threat. In case of the infection, complications are most likely to arise, including the dissemination of the process in immunocompromised persons. Histoplasmosis is also classed as particularly dangerous mycosis. It affects both humans and animals. It is endemic for North, Central and South America, as well as Asia and Australia. The most studied endemic areas of infection with blastomycosis are in the territory of North America, while paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic for Latin America countries. Analysis of academic publications on particularly dangerous mycoses over the last three years testifies to the increase in their morbidity rates around the world. This situation is associated, primarily, with the increment in the number of immunocompromised subjects. An important stage in the improvement of the agent diagnostics is introduction of advanced methods for early diagnostics of mycoses, in particular, molecular-genetic and genome sequencing tools. It could also allow for the detection of patients beyond the limits of endemic foci.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.