microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2018-3-32-39microbe-498Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРукокрылые как возможный резервуар опасных для человека вирусов на территории Гвинейской Республики. Часть 1Chiroptera as a Potential Reservoir of Dangerous for Humans Viruses in the territory of the Republic of Guinea. Part 1ПоршаковА. М.PorshakovA. M.

410005, Саратов, ул. Университетская, 46.

46, Universitetskaya St., Saratov, 410005

rusrapi@microbe.ruКононоваЮ. В.KononovaYu. V.

630559, Новосибирская обл., п. Кольцово.

Kol’tsovo,  Novosibirsk  Region,  630559

ЛоктевВ. Б.LoktevV. B.

630559, Новосибирская обл., п. Кольцово.

Kol’tsovo,  Novosibirsk  Region,  630559

BoiroM. I.BoiroM. I.ФКУЗ «Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб», СаратовРоссияRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”, SaratovRussian FederationФБУН Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор», п. КольцовоРоссияState Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Kol’tsovoRussian FederationИсследовательский институт прикладной биологии, Киндиа, Гвинейская РеспубликаГвинеяResearch Institute of Applied Biology, Kindia, Republic of GuineaGuinea201803102018033239Copyright © Поршаков А.М., Кононова Ю.В., Локтев В.Б., Boiro M.I., 20182018Поршаков А.М., Кононова Ю.В., Локтев В.Б., Boiro M.I.Porshakov A.M., Kononova Y.V., Loktev V.B., Boiro M.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/498

Рукокрылые – один из наиболее многочисленных отрядов млекопитающих, способных выступать в качестве природных хозяев и переносчиков различных вирусов, бактерий и патогенных грибов. В период 2007–2013 гг. у рукокрылых обнаружено 248 новых вирусов, относящихся к 24 семействам. В последние годы целый ряд новых инфекций, которые провоцировали тяжелые заболевания у людей, были связаны с переносчиками – летучими мышами. Сегодня их рассматривают как возможный источник вирусов Эбола, Марбург и Хендра, возбудителей тяжелого острого респираторного синдрома, а также многих других летальных болезней. Особое внимание рукокрылым стало уделяться после установления факта их вовлечения в циркуляцию эболавируса Заир и их возможного участия в формировании природных очагов этой инфекции. В настоящее время природным резервуаром эболавируса Заир, а также некоторых других филовирусов (Filoviridae), считаются рукокрылые. Помимо филовирусов от рукокрылых на Африканском континенте выделяли другие значимые для здравоохранения вирусы – лиссавирусы (Rhabdoviridae, Lyssavirus), хенипавирусы (Paramixoviridae, Henipavirus) и коронавирусы (Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus), которые также могут циркулировать среди рукокрылых в Западной Африке. В представленной работе проанализированы имеющиеся в литературных источниках сведения о распространении рукокрылых на территории Африканского континента, их видовое разнообразие, особенности экологии и поведения. Представлены сведения о том, для каких инфекций они могут служить потенциальными носителями. Имеется описание особенностей взаимодействия людей, проживающих на Африканском континенте, с летучими мышами разных видов. Представленный обзор посвящен анализу результатов изучения популяционных, экологических и эпидемиологических факторов, влияющих на поддержание циркуляции ряда наиболее опасных для человека вирусов (филовирусов, лиссавирусов, хенипавирусов и коронавирусов) среди африканских рукокрылых. Обосновывается необходимость изучения вышеперечисленных факторов для популяций рукокрылых Гвинейской Республики.

Chiroptera is one of the largest in numbers orders of mammals which can take on the role of natural host and vector of various viruses, bacteria, and pathogenic fungi. Over the period of 2007–2013, 248 new viruses pertaining to 24 families were detected in chiropterans. Lately, a range of novel infections that provoked severe diseases in humans were associated with bats-carriers. Presently they are viewed as a potential reservoir of Ebola, Marburg, and Hendra viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome agents, as well as many other lethal diseases. Chiropterans started drawing particular attention after establishment of the fact that they are involved in circulation of ebolavirus Zaire and possibly participate in the formation of natural foci of this infection. Currently chiropterans are considered to be natural reservoirs of ebolavirus Zaire and some other filoviruses (Filoviridae). Accept from filoviruses, other significant for public healthcare viruses were isolated from chiropterans on the African continent – lyssaviruses (Rhabdoviridae, Lyssavirus), henipaviruses (Paramixoviridae, Henipavirus), and coronaviruses (Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus) that can also circulate among chiropterans in West Africa. The data available from literature sources on dissemination of chiropterans in the territory of the African continent, their species diversity, peculiarities of ecology and behavior are analyzed in this paper. The information on the infections for which chiropterans can serve as potential reservoirs is also provided. Specifics of interaction between the population residing on African continent and bats of different species are described too. The review is devoted to the assessment of results of studies on population, ecological, and epidemiological factors contributing to maintenance of circulation of a number of dangerous for humans viruses (filoviruses, lyssaviruses, henipaviruses, and coronaviruses) among African chiropterans. The need for further investigation of the mentioned factors affecting chiropteran populations in the Republic of Guinea is substantiated.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.