microbeПроблемы особо опасных инфекцийProblems of Particularly Dangerous Infections0370-10692658-719XRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”10.21055/0370-1069-2010-3(105)-20-24microbe-537Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSГенетические (ДНК) вакциныGenetic (DNA) VaccinesПоповЮ. А.PopovYu. A.microbe@san.ruМикшисН. И.MikshisN. I.microbe@san.ruРоссийский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»РоссияRussian Research Anti-Plague Institute MicrobeRussian Federation20102006201003(105)2024Copyright © Попов Ю.А., Микшис Н.И., 20102010Попов Ю.А., Микшис Н.И.Popov Y.A., Mikshis N.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/537

Развитие различных отраслей медицины и биологии изменяет традиционные представления о средствах профилактики инфекционных болезней. В настоящее время во многих странах мира интенсивно ведутся разработки в области генетических вакцин. Отличительной особенностью ДНК-вакцинации является длительная экспрессия в цитоплазме эукариотической клетки нуклеиновых кислот, кодирующих синтез иммуногенных белков. Генетические вакцины индуцируют как гуморальный, так и клеточный ответы с образованием большого пула клеток иммунологической памяти. В обзоре рассматриваются вопросы, касающиеся особенностей генно-инженерного конструирования и переноса ДНК-вакцин в клетки макроорганизма, структуры ДНК-вакцин, механизмов возникновения иммунного ответа, уделяется внимание проблемам безопасности геновакцинации и поиску путей повышения ее эффективности.

With the development of various branches of medicine and biology the classical ideas about means to prevent infectious diseases have changed. Nowadays in different countries of the world, investigations are carried out intensively in the sphere of genetic vaccines. Distinctive feature of DNA-vaccination is long lasted expression in eukaryotic cell cytoplasm of nucleic acids encoding synthesis of immunogenic proteins. Genetic vaccines induce both humoral and cellular responses accompanied by production of large pool of immunological memory cells. A number of questions regarding features of gene-engineered construction and transfer of DNA-vaccines into the cells of macroorganism, structure of DNA-vaccines and mechanisms of immune response generation are considered in the review. Attention is paid on the safety of gene vaccination and ways to improve its efficiency.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.