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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2011-3(109)-5-8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-669</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Формирование современных представлений о механизме энзоотии чумы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Formation of Modern Concepts on the Mechanism of Plague Enzooty</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">microbe@san.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кошель</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koshel</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерошенко</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eroshenko</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute Microbe</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3(109)</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Попов Н.В., Кошель Е.И., Ерошенко Г.А., Кутырев В.В., 2011</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попов Н.В., Кошель Е.И., Ерошенко Г.А., Кутырев В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popov N.V., Koshel E.I., Eroshenko G.A., Kutyrev V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/669">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/669</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе рассмотрены основные гипотезы, формирующие представления о природной очаговости чумы. Показана определяющая роль современных достижений в области изучения биопленок и генетики чумного микроба в расшифровке механизма энзоотии чумы. Обсуждена возможная роль нематод в заносе биопленок чумного микроба в организм личинок блох. Рассмотрена эпизоотологическая значимость трансларвальной передачи чумного микроба для реализации его вертикальной передачи из почвенного биотопа в организм теплокровных животных. Исследование на чуму личинок блох, добытых на участках стойкого ее проявления, рассматривается как перспективный подход, поскольку он позволяет выявлять готовность паразитарной системы природного очага к возникновению и развитию эпизоотий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Considered are main hypotheses that explain plague natural focality. The modern advances in the investigation of plague microbe genetic structure and its biofilms are demonstrated to play determinative role in interpretation of plague enzooty mechanism. Possible role of the nematodes in the transfer of plague microbe biofilms to the flea larvae is discussed. Considered is epizootiological significance of plague microbe trans-larval transfer for implementation of its vertical transmission from the soil biotope to the organism of warm-blooded animals. Analysis of flea larvae obtained in locations where plague persists, for the presence of plague agent, seems to be a promising approach as it can detect the readiness of the parasitic system of the natural focus for emergence and development of the epizooty.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>природная очаговость</kwd><kwd>эпизоотия чумы</kwd><kwd>межэпизоотический период</kwd><kwd>микроочаговость</kwd><kwd>биопленка чумного микроба</kwd><kwd>нематоды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plague natural focality</kwd><kwd>plague epizooty</kwd><kwd>inter-epizootic period</kwd><kwd>plague microfocality</kwd><kwd>plague microbe biofilm</kwd><kwd>nematodes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акиев А.К. Состояние вопроса по изучению механизма сохранения возбудителя чумы в межэпизоотические годы. 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