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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2011-4(110)-12-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-695</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Взаимодействие возбудителя сибирской язвы с паттерн-распознающими рецепторами врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Interaction between Bacillus anthracis and Pattern-Recognizing Receptors of Innate and Adaptive Immunity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>П. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>P. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Микшис</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikshis</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щуковская</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchukovskaya</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute Microbe</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4(110)</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Попова П.Ю., Микшис Н.И., Щуковская Т.Н., Попов Ю.А., 2011</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попова П.Ю., Микшис Н.И., Щуковская Т.Н., Попов Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popova P.Y., Mikshis N.I., Shchukovskaya T.N., Popov Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/695">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/695</self-uri><abstract><p>По современным представлениям защита организма от патогенов обеспечивается функционированием двух звеньев иммунной системы - врожденной и приобретенной. На начальных этапах рецепторы неспецифического иммунитета, в том числе толл-подобные рецепторы, распознают консервативные патоген-ассоциированные молекулярные структуры. Последующая активация сигнальных путей приводит к быстрой нейтрализации и элиминации чужеродного агента. Одновременно происходит инициация начальных этапов адаптивного иммунитета, реализация каскада провоспалительных реакций. В обзоре обобщены и проанализированы литературные данные об особенностях развития врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета в случаях взаимодействия макроорганизма с возбудителем сибирской язвы. Потенциальными лигандами толл-подобных рецепторов у сибиреязвенного микроба являются протективный антиген, липопротеин, компоненты клеточной стенки, антролизин О, CpG последовательность ДНК и др. Приведены результаты экспериментов, доказывающих влияние синтетических агонистов толл-подобных рецепторов на реализацию цитотоксичности Bacillus anthracis и течение инфекционного процесса у лабораторных животных. Модификаторы функций толл-подобных рецепторов могут быть использованы как иммуностимуляторы при конструировании эффективных средств антиинфекционной защиты. Врожденный и приобретенный компоненты иммунитета, имея свои уникальные механизмы специфического распознавания возбудителя сибирской язвы, находятся во взаимодействии, дополняют и усиливают друг друга.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>According to modern views, protection of an organism from different pathogens is achieved through functioning of the two chains of immune system - innate and acquired ones. Initially, receptors of non-specific immunity, including Toll-like receptors, identify conservative pathogen-associated molecular structures. The subsequent activation of signaling pathways leads to rapid neutralization and elimination of foreign agent. Concurrently, initiation of the adaptive immunity, and realization of pro-inflammatory reactions' cascade take place. The review summarizes literature data concerning peculiarities of innate and adaptive types of immunity in case of interaction between macro-organism and Bacillus anthracis. Protective antigen, lipoprotein, cell wall components, anthrolysine O, CpG DNA sequence and others are the potential ligands of Toll-like receptors in B. anthracis. Demonstrated are the results of experiments that bear evidence of the fact, that synthetic agonists of Toll-like receptors influence realization of B. anthracis cytotoxicity and course of infection in laboratory animals. Modificators of Toll-like receptor functions can be used as immunostimulators for designing of effective means of anti-infectious protection. Innate and adaptive components of the immunity, having their own unique mechanisms of the specific B. anthracis identification, interact with each other, strengthen and complement each other.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сибирская язва</kwd><kwd>Bacillus anthracis</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>Толл-подобные рецепторы</kwd><kwd>вакцины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anthrax</kwd><kwd>Bacillus anthracis</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>Toll-like receptors</kwd><kwd>vaccines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Байракова А.Л., Воропаева Е.А., Афанасьев С.С., Алёшкин В.А., Несвижский Ю.В., Караулов А.В. и др. Роль и биологическое значение Toll-подобных рецепторов в антиинфекционной резистентности организма. 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