<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2012-1(111)-57-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-771</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROBIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фенотипический и генетический анализ измененных вариантов Vibrio cholerae биовара эльтор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Altered Variants of Vibrio cholerae Biovar El Tor</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заднова</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zadnova</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rusrapi@microbe.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шашкова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shashkova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснов</surname><given-names>Я. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnov</surname><given-names>Ya. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт «Микроб»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute Microbe</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1(111)</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Заднова С.П., Шашкова А.В., Краснов Я.М., Смирнова Н.И., 2012</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Заднова С.П., Шашкова А.В., Краснов Я.М., Смирнова Н.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zadnova S.P., Shashkova A.V., Krasnov Y.M., Smirnova N.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/771">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/771</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе определена продукция холерного токсина у измененных вариантов эльтор вибрионов, содержащих ген ctxB классического типа, выделенных на территории России с 1993 по 2010 год, и изучены их генетические свойства, связанные с продукцией этого фактора патогенности. Установлено, что измененные варианты синтезируют в 10-20 раз больше холерного токсина по сравнению с типичными эльтор вибрионами. При этом не обнаружено изменений в промоторной области оперона ctxAB, но установлено, что в отличие от типичных штаммов, содержащих одну копию профага СТХφ, 90 % изученных измененных вариантов имели в геноме две копии профага СТХφ. Несмотря на повышенное количество копий профага СТХφ, выявленные различия в синтезе холерного токсина в большей степени могут быть обусловлены изменением транскрипционной активности регуляторных генов, что приводит к активной продукции холерного токсина измененными вариантами в нетипичных для эльтор вибрионов условиях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Determined is cholera toxin production by altered Vibrio cholerae O1 eltor strains, isolated on the territory of Russia in 1993-2010, which contain classical type ctxB gene. Studied are their genetic characteristics related to the production of this virulence factor. Determined is that altered eltor variants yield 10 to 20 times more cholera toxin than typical eltor strains. Changes in promotor region of ctxAB operon are not detected but elucidated is that 90 % of studied altered strains contain two copies of CTXϕ prophage in their genome whereas typical strains carry one copy of CTXϕ prophage. Despite the higher copy number of CTXϕ prophage, the identified differences in production of cholera toxin can be associated mostly with a change of transcriptional activity of regulatory genes. That causes the active production of cholera toxin by the altered variants of Vibrio cholerae eltor in non typical environment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>измененные варианты V. cholerae биовара эльтор</kwd><kwd>продукция холерного токсина</kwd><kwd>копийность генов ctxAB</kwd><kwd>секвенирование промоторной области</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>altered variants of V. cholerae biovar eltor</kwd><kwd>production of cholera toxin</kwd><kwd>copy number of ctxAB genes</kwd><kwd>sequencing of promoter region</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бароян О.В. Холера Эль-Тор. М.: Медицина; 1971. 256 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baroyan O.V. [Cholera El Tor]. M.: Meditsina; 1971. P. 256.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гинцбург А.Л., Янишевский Н.В., Мотин В.Л., Шагинян И.А., Вертиев Ю.В., Смирнов Г.Б. Организация и клонирование структурных генов энтеротоксина Vibrio cholerae eltor RV79. Мол. генет., микробиол. и вирусол. 1984; 9:12-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gintsburg A.L., Yanishevsky, N.V., MotinV.L., Shaginyan I.A., Vertiev Yu.V., Smirnov G.B. [Arrangement and cloning of Vibrio cholerae El Tor RV79 structure genes of enterotoxin]. Mol. Genet. Microbiol. Virusol. 1984; 9:12–8. 3. Laboratory diagnostics of cholera. MUK 4.2.2218-07. M.; 2007. 87 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лабораторная диагностика холеры. Методические указания МУК 4.2.2218-07. М.: Федеральный центр гигиены и эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора; 2007. 87 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maniatis T., Fritsch E., Sambrook J. [Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual]. M.: Mir; 1984. 480 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маниатис Т., Фрич Э., Сэмбрук Дж. Молекулярное клонирование. М.: Мир;, 1984. 480 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnova N.I., Goryaev A.A., Zadnova S.P., Krasnov Ya.M., Lozovskiy Yu.V., KutyrevV.V. [Genetic characterization of Vibrio cholerae strains emerging in Russian Federation during 7th cholera pandemic]. Mol. Genet. Mikrobiol. Virusol. 2011; 3:8–11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнова Н.И., Горяев А.А., Заднова С.П., Краснов Я.М., Лозовский Ю.В., Кутырев В.В. Генетическая характеристика клинических штаммов Vibrio cholerae, завезенных на территорию Российской Федерации в современный период. Мол. генет., микробиол. и вирусол. 2011; 3:11-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DiRita V.J., Neely M., Taylor R.K., Bruss P.M. Differential expression of the ToxR regulon in classical and El Tor biotypes of Vibrio cholerae is due to biotype-specific control over toxT expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1996; 93(15):7991-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DiRita V.J., Neely M., Taylor R.K., Bruss P.M. Differential expression of the ToxR regulon in classical and El Tor biotypes of Vibrio cholerae is due to biotype-specific control over toxT expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1996; 93(15):7991-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghosh-Banerjee J., Senoh M., Takahashi T., Hamabata T., Barman S., Koley H. et al. Cholera toxin production by the El Tor variant of Vibrio cholerae O1 compared to prototype El Tor and classical biotypes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2010; 48(11):4283-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghosh-Banerjee J., Senoh M., Takahashi T., Hamabata T., Barman S., Koley H. et al. Cholera toxin production by the El Tor variant of Vibrio cholerae O1 compared to prototype El Tor and classical biotypes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2010; 48(11):4283-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iwanaga M., Yamamoto K., Higa N., Ichinose Y., Nakasone N., Tanabe M. Culture conditions for stimulating cholera toxin production by Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor. Microbiol. Immunol. 1986; 30(11):1075-83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iwanaga M., Yamamoto K., Higa N., Ichinose Y., Nakasone N., Tanabe M. Culture conditions for stimulating cholera toxin production by Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor. Microbiol. Immunol. 1986; 30(11):1075-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaper J.B., Morris J., Levin M. Cholera. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1995; 8(1):48-89.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaper J.B., Morris J., Levin M. Cholera. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1995; 8(1):48-89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee J.H., Choi S.Y., Jeon Y-S., Lee H.R., Kim E.J., Nguyen B.M. et al. Classification of hybrid and altered Vibrio cholerae strains by CTX prophage and RS1 element structure. J. Microbiology. 2009, 47(6):783-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J.H., Choi S.Y., Jeon Y-S., Lee H.R., Kim E.J., Nguyen B.M. et al. Classification of hybrid and altered Vibrio cholerae strains by CTX prophage and RS1 element structure. J. Microbiology. 2009, 47(6):783-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mekalanos J.J. Duplication and amplification of toxin genes in Vibrio cholerae. Cell. 1983; 35(1):253-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mekalanos J.J. Duplication and amplification of toxin genes in Vibrio cholerae. Cell. 1983; 35(1):253-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mekalanos, J.J., Swartz D.J., Pearson G.D.N., Harford N., Groyne F., de Wilde M. Cholera toxin genes: nucleotide sequence, deletion analysis and vaccine development. Nature. 1983; 306:551-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mekalanos, J.J., Swartz D.J., Pearson G.D.N., Harford N., Groyne F., de Wilde M. Cholera toxin genes: nucleotide sequence, deletion analysis and vaccine development. Nature. 1983; 306:551-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller V.L., Mekalanos J.J. A novel suicide vector and its use in construction of insertion mutations: osmoregulation of outer membrane proteins and virulence determinants in Vibrio cholerae requires toxR. J. Bacteriol. 1988; 170(6):2575-83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller V.L., Mekalanos J.J. A novel suicide vector and its use in construction of insertion mutations: osmoregulation of outer membrane proteins and virulence determinants in Vibrio cholerae requires toxR. J. Bacteriol. 1988; 170(6):2575-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nair G. B., Qadri F., Holmgren J., Svennerholm A.M., Safa A., Bhuiyan N.A. et al. Cholera due to altered El Tor strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Bangladesh. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2006, 44:4211-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nair G. B., Qadri F., Holmgren J., Svennerholm A.M., Safa A., Bhuiyan N.A. et al. Cholera due to altered El Tor strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Bangladesh. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2006, 44:4211-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safa A., Nair G.B., Kong R.Y. Evolution of new variants of Vibrio cholerae O1. Trends Microbiol. 2010; 18(1):46-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Safa A., Nair G.B., Kong R.Y. Evolution of new variants of Vibrio cholerae O1. Trends Microbiol. 2010; 18(1):46-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svennerholm A.M., Wiklund G. Rapid GM1-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with visual reading for identification of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1983; 17(4):596-600.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Svennerholm A.M., Wiklund G. Rapid GM1-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with visual reading for identification of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1983; 17(4):596-600.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svennerholm A.M., Wiklund G. Rapid GM1-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with visual reading for identification of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1983; 17(4):596-600.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
