<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2012-1(111)-81-83</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-776</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИММУНОЛОГИЯ, ПАТОГЕНЕЗ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IMMUNOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы, участвующие в модулировании механизмов иммунной защиты легких при пневмонии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Factors Participating in Modulating the Mechanisms of Immune Protection of Lungs during Pneumonia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Микеров</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikerov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">a_mikerov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И.Разумовского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1(111)</issue><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Микеров А.Н., 2012</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Микеров А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikerov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/776">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/776</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре представлены современные данные о факторах, участвующих в модулировании механизмов иммунной защиты легких при пневмонии. Рассмотрена роль белка SP-A в обеспечении резистентности к инфекционным болезням легких. Показано отрицательное воздействие озона на белок SP-A. Отмечено наличие гендерных особенностей в заболеваемости пневмонией и чувствительности к озону.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Presented are the modern data about factors modulating the mechanisms of immune protection of lungs during pneumonia. Considered is the role of protein A (SP-A) in provision of lungs resistance to infectious disease. The negative impact on protein A (SP-A) by ozone is shown. Noted is the existence of the gender particularities in pneumonia morbidity and sensitivity to ozone.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунная защита леких</kwd><kwd>сурфактантный белок А</kwd><kwd>иммуномодуляторы</kwd><kwd>озон</kwd><kwd>гендер</kwd><kwd>пневмония</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lung immune defense</kwd><kwd>surfactant protein A</kwd><kwd>immunomodulators</kwd><kwd>ozone</kwd><kwd>gender</kwd><kwd>pneumonia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abraham E. Neutrophils and acute lung injury. Crit Care Med. 2003; 31:S195-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abraham E. Neutrophils and acute lung injury. Crit Care Med. 2003; 31:S195-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Annesi-Maesano I., Agabiti N., Pistelli R., Couilliot M.F., Forastiere F. Subpopulations at increased risk of adverse health outcomes from air pollution. Eur. Respir. J. Suppl. 2003; 40:57s-63s.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Annesi-Maesano I., Agabiti N., Pistelli R., Couilliot M.F., Forastiere F. Subpopulations at increased risk of adverse health outcomes from air pollution. Eur. Respir. J. Suppl. 2003; 40:57s-63s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bassett D., Elbon-Copp C., Otterbein S., Barraclough-Mitchell H., Delorme M., Yang H. Inflammatory cell availability affects ozone-induced lung damage. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A. 2001; 64:547-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bassett D., Elbon-Copp C., Otterbein S., Barraclough-Mitchell H., Delorme M., Yang H. Inflammatory cell availability affects ozone-induced lung damage. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A. 2001; 64:547-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernstein J.A., Alexis N., Barnes C., Bernstein I.L., Bernstein J.A., Nel A., Peden D., Diaz-Sanchez D., Tarlo S.M., Williams P.B. Health effects of air pollution. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2004; 114:1116-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernstein J.A., Alexis N., Barnes C., Bernstein I.L., Bernstein J.A., Nel A., Peden D., Diaz-Sanchez D., Tarlo S.M., Williams P.B. Health effects of air pollution. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2004; 114:1116-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borron P., McCormack F.X., Elhalwagi B.M., Chroneos Z.C., Lewis J.F., Zhu S., Wright J.R., Shepherd V.L., Possmayer F., Inchley K., Fraher L.J. Surfactant protein A inhibits T cell proliferation via its collagen-like tail and a 210-kDa receptor. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 1998; 275:L679-86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borron P., McCormack F.X., Elhalwagi B.M., Chroneos Z.C., Lewis J.F., Zhu S., Wright J.R., Shepherd V.L., Possmayer F., Inchley K., Fraher L.J. Surfactant protein A inhibits T cell proliferation via its collagen-like tail and a 210-kDa receptor. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 1998; 275:L679-86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brinker K.G., Garner H., Wright J.R. Surfactant protein A modulates the differentiation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 2003; 284:L232-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brinker K.G., Garner H., Wright J.R. Surfactant protein A modulates the differentiation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 2003; 284:L232-41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caracta C.F. Gender differences in pulmonary disease. Mt. Sinai. J. Med. 2003; 70:215-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caracta C.F. Gender differences in pulmonary disease. Mt. Sinai. J. Med. 2003; 70:215-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Devlin R.B., McDonnell W.F., Mann R., Becker S., House D.E., Schreinemachers D., Koren H.S. Exposure of humans to ambient levels of ozone for 6.6 hours causes cellular and biochemical changes in the lung. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 1991; 4:72-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Devlin R.B., McDonnell W.F., Mann R., Becker S., House D.E., Schreinemachers D., Koren H.S. Exposure of humans to ambient levels of ozone for 6.6 hours causes cellular and biochemical changes in the lung. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 1991; 4:72-81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fischer P., Hoek G., Brunekreef B., Verhoeff A., van Wijnen J. Air pollution and mortality in The Netherlands: are the elderly more at risk? Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 21(40 Suppl):34s-38s.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer P., Hoek G., Brunekreef B., Verhoeff A., van Wijnen J. Air pollution and mortality in The Netherlands: are the elderly more at risk? Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 21(40 Suppl):34s-38s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gannon C.J., Pasquale M., Tracy J.K., McCarter R.J., Napolitano L.M. Male gender is associated with increased risk for postinjury pneumonia. Shock. 2004; 21:410-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gannon C.J., Pasquale M., Tracy J.K., McCarter R.J., Napolitano L.M. Male gender is associated with increased risk for postinjury pneumonia. Shock. 2004; 21:410-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gordon H.S., Rosenthal G.E. The relationship of gender and in-hospital death: increased risk of death in men. Med. Care. 1999; 37:318-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordon H.S., Rosenthal G.E. The relationship of gender and in-hospital death: increased risk of death in men. Med. Care. 1999; 37:318-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hollingsworth J.W., Kleeberger S.R., Foster W.M. Ozone and pulmonary innate immunity. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2007; 4:240-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hollingsworth J.W., Kleeberger S.R., Foster W.M. Ozone and pulmonary innate immunity. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2007; 4:240-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horstman D.H., Folinsbee L.J., Ives P.J., Abdul-Salaam S., McDonnell W.F. Ozone concentration and pulmonary response relationships for 6.6-hour exposures with five hours of moderate exercise to 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 ppm. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1990; 142:1158-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horstman D.H., Folinsbee L.J., Ives P.J., Abdul-Salaam S., McDonnell W.F. Ozone concentration and pulmonary response relationships for 6.6-hour exposures with five hours of moderate exercise to 0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 ppm. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1990; 142:1158-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kehrl H.R., Vincent L.M., Kowalsky R.J., Horstman D.H., O'Neil J.J., McCartney W.H., Bromberg P.A. Ozone exposure increases respiratory epithelial permeability in humans. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1987; 135:1124-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kehrl H.R., Vincent L.M., Kowalsky R.J., Horstman D.H., O'Neil J.J., McCartney W.H., Bromberg P.A. Ozone exposure increases respiratory epithelial permeability in humans. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1987; 135:1124-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khubchandani K.R., Oberley R.E., Snyder J.M. Effects of surfactant protein A and NaCl concentration on the uptake of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by THP-1 cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2001; 25:699-706.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khubchandani K.R., Oberley R.E., Snyder J.M. Effects of surfactant protein A and NaCl concentration on the uptake of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by THP-1 cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2001; 25:699-706.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kudo K., Sano H., Takahashi H., Kuronuma K., Yokota S., Fujii N., Shimada K., Yano I., Kumazawa Y., Voelker D.R., Abe S., Kuroki Y. Pulmonary collectins enhance phagocytosis of Mycobacterium avium through increased activity of mannose receptor. J. Immunol. 2004; 172:7592-602.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudo K., Sano H., Takahashi H., Kuronuma K., Yokota S., Fujii N., Shimada K., Yano I., Kumazawa Y., Voelker D.R., Abe S., Kuroki Y. Pulmonary collectins enhance phagocytosis of Mycobacterium avium through increased activity of mannose receptor. J. Immunol. 2004; 172:7592-602.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kulle T.J., Sauder L.R., Hebel J.R., Chatham M.D. Ozone response relationships in healthy nonsmokers. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1985; 132:36-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulle T.J., Sauder L.R., Hebel J.R., Chatham M.D. Ozone response relationships in healthy nonsmokers. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1985; 132:36-41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loeb M., McGeer A., McArthur M., Walter S., Simor A.E. Risk factors for pneumonia and other lower respiratory tract infections in elderly residents of long-term care facilities. Arch. Intern. Med. 1999; 159:2058-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loeb M., McGeer A., McArthur M., Walter S., Simor A.E. Risk factors for pneumonia and other lower respiratory tract infections in elderly residents of long-term care facilities. Arch. Intern. Med. 1999; 159:2058-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Medina-Ramon M., Zanobetti A., Schwartz J. The effect of ozone and PM10 on hospital admissions for pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a national multicity study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2006; 163:579-88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medina-Ramon M., Zanobetti A., Schwartz J. The effect of ozone and PM10 on hospital admissions for pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a national multicity study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2006; 163:579-88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mikerov A.N., Gan X., Umstead T.M., Miller L., Chinchilli V.M., Phelps D.S., Floros J. Sex differences in the impact of ozone on survival and alveolar macrophage function of mice after Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Respir. Res. 2008; 9:24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikerov A.N., Gan X., Umstead T.M., Miller L., Chinchilli V.M., Phelps D.S., Floros J. Sex differences in the impact of ozone on survival and alveolar macrophage function of mice after Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Respir. Res. 2008; 9:24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mikerov A.N., Haque R., Gan X., Guo X., Phelps D.S., Floros J. Ablation of SP-A has a negative impact on the susceptibility of mice to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection after ozone exposure: sex differences. Respir. Res. 2008; 9:77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikerov A.N., Haque R., Gan X., Guo X., Phelps D.S., Floros J. Ablation of SP-A has a negative impact on the susceptibility of mice to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection after ozone exposure: sex differences. Respir. Res. 2008; 9:77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mikerov A.N., Umstead T.M., Gan X., Huang W., Guo X., Wang G., Phelps D.S., Floros J. Impact of ozone exposure on the phagocytic activity of human surfactant protein A (SP-A) and SP-A variants. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 2008; 294:L121-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikerov A.N., Umstead T.M., Gan X., Huang W., Guo X., Wang G., Phelps D.S., Floros J. Impact of ozone exposure on the phagocytic activity of human surfactant protein A (SP-A) and SP-A variants. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 2008; 294:L121-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mikerov A.N., Wang G., Umstead T.M., Zacharatos M., Thomas N.J., Phelps D.S., Floros J. Surfactant protein A2 (SP-A2) variants expressed in CHO cells stimulate phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa more than Do SP-A1 variants. Infect. Immun. 2007; 75:1403-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikerov A.N., Wang G., Umstead T.M., Zacharatos M., Thomas N.J., Phelps D.S., Floros J. Surfactant protein A2 (SP-A2) variants expressed in CHO cells stimulate phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa more than Do SP-A1 variants. Infect. Immun. 2007; 75:1403-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mikerov A.N., White M., Hartshorn K., Wang G., Floros J. Inhibition of hemagglutination activity of influenza A viruses by SP-A1 and SP-A2 variants expressed in CHO cells. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 2008; 197(1):9-12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikerov A.N., White M., Hartshorn K., Wang G., Floros J. Inhibition of hemagglutination activity of influenza A viruses by SP-A1 and SP-A2 variants expressed in CHO cells. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 2008; 197(1):9-12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muller B., Seifart C., Barth P.J. Effect of air pollutants on the pulmonary surfactant system. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1998; 28:762-77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muller B., Seifart C., Barth P.J. Effect of air pollutants on the pulmonary surfactant system. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1998; 28:762-77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nielsen H.C. Testosterone regulation of sex differences in fetal lung development. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1992; 199:446-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nielsen H.C. Testosterone regulation of sex differences in fetal lung development. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1992; 199:446-52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oberley R.E., Ault K.A., Neff T.L., Khubchandani K.R., Crouch E.C., Snyder J.M. Surfactant proteins A and D enhance the phagocytosis of Chlamydia into THP-1 cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 2004; 287:L296-306.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oberley R.E., Ault K.A., Neff T.L., Khubchandani K.R., Crouch E.C., Snyder J.M. Surfactant proteins A and D enhance the phagocytosis of Chlamydia into THP-1 cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 2004; 287:L296-306.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oberley R.E., Snyder J.M. Recombinant human SP-A1 and SP-A2 proteins have different carbohydrate-binding characteristics. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 2003; 284:L871-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oberley R.E., Snyder J.M. Recombinant human SP-A1 and SP-A2 proteins have different carbohydrate-binding characteristics. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 2003; 284:L871-81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oosting R.S., van Greevenbroek M.M., Verhoef J., van Golde L.M., Haagsman H.P. Structural and functional changes of surfactant protein A induced by ozone. Am. J. Physiol. 1991; 261: L77-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oosting R.S., van Greevenbroek M.M., Verhoef J., van Golde L.M., Haagsman H.P. Structural and functional changes of surfactant protein A induced by ozone. Am. J. Physiol. 1991; 261: L77-83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oosting R.S., Van Iwaarden J.F., Van Bree L., Verhoef J., Van Golde L.M., Haagsman H.P. Exposure of surfactant protein A to ozone in vitro and in vivo impairs its interactions with alveolar cells. Am. J. Physiol. 1992; 262:L63-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oosting R.S., Van Iwaarden J.F., Van Bree L., Verhoef J., Van Golde L.M., Haagsman H.P. Exposure of surfactant protein A to ozone in vitro and in vivo impairs its interactions with alveolar cells. Am. J. Physiol. 1992; 262:L63-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peel J.L., Tolbert P.E., Klein M., Metzger K.B., Flanders W.D., Todd K., Mulholland J.A., Ryan P.B., Frumkin H. Ambient air pollution and respiratory emergency department visits. Epidemiology. 2005; 16(2):164-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peel J.L., Tolbert P.E., Klein M., Metzger K.B., Flanders W.D., Todd K., Mulholland J.A., Ryan P.B., Frumkin H. Ambient air pollution and respiratory emergency department visits. Epidemiology. 2005; 16(2):164-74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tagaram H.R., Wang G., Umstead T.M., Mikerov A.N., Thomas N.J., Graff G.R., Hess J.C., Thomassen M.J., Kavuru M.S., Phelps D.S., Floros J. Characterization of a human surfactant protein A1 (SP-A1) gene-specific antibody; SP-A1 content variation among individuals of varying age and pulmonary health. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 2007; 292(5):L1052-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tagaram H.R., Wang G., Umstead T.M., Mikerov A.N., Thomas N.J., Graff G.R., Hess J.C., Thomassen M.J., Kavuru M.S., Phelps D.S., Floros J. Characterization of a human surfactant protein A1 (SP-A1) gene-specific antibody; SP-A1 content variation among individuals of varying age and pulmonary health. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 2007; 292(5):L1052-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Iwaarden F., Welmers B., Verhoef J., Haagsman H.P., van Golde L.M. Pulmonary surfactant protein A enhances the host-defense mechanism of rat alveolar macrophages. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 1990; 2:91-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Iwaarden F., Welmers B., Verhoef J., Haagsman H.P., van Golde L.M. Pulmonary surfactant protein A enhances the host-defense mechanism of rat alveolar macrophages. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 1990; 2:91-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voss T., Melchers K., Scheirle G., Schafer K.P. Structural comparison of recombinant pulmonary surfactant protein SP-A derived from two human coding sequences: implications for the chain composition of natural human SP-A. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 1991; 4:88-94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voss T., Melchers K., Scheirle G., Schafer K.P. Structural comparison of recombinant pulmonary surfactant protein SP-A derived from two human coding sequences: implications for the chain composition of natural human SP-A. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 1991; 4:88-94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang G., Myers C., Mikerov A., Floros J. Effect of cysteine 85 on biochemical properties and biological function of human surfactant protein A variants. Biochemistry. 2007; 46:8425-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang G., Myers C., Mikerov A., Floros J. Effect of cysteine 85 on biochemical properties and biological function of human surfactant protein A variants. Biochemistry. 2007; 46:8425-35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang G., Phelps D.S., Umstead T.M., Floros J. Human SP-A protein variants derived from one or both genes stimulate TNF-alpha production in the THP-1 cell line. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 2000; 278: L946-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang G., Phelps D.S., Umstead T.M., Floros J. Human SP-A protein variants derived from one or both genes stimulate TNF-alpha production in the THP-1 cell line. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 2000; 278: L946-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang G., Umstead T.M., Phelps D.S., Al Mondhiry H., Floros J. The effect of ozone exposure on the ability of human surfactant protein A variants to stimulate cytokine production. Environ. Health Perspect. 2002; 110:79-84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang G., Umstead T.M., Phelps D.S., Al Mondhiry H., Floros J. The effect of ozone exposure on the ability of human surfactant protein A variants to stimulate cytokine production. Environ. Health Perspect. 2002; 110:79-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wright J.R., Youmans D.C. Pulmonary surfactant protein A stimulates chemotaxis of alveolar macrophage. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 1993; 264:L338-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wright J.R., Youmans D.C. Pulmonary surfactant protein A stimulates chemotaxis of alveolar macrophage. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 1993; 264:L338-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu H., Kuzmenko A., Wan S., Schaffer L., Weiss A., Fisher J.H., Kim K.S., McCormack F.X. Surfactant proteins A and D inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria by increasing membrane permeability. J. Clin. Invest. 2003; 111:1589-602.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu H., Kuzmenko A., Wan S., Schaffer L., Weiss A., Fisher J.H., Kim K.S., McCormack F.X. Surfactant proteins A and D inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria by increasing membrane permeability. J. Clin. Invest. 2003; 111:1589-602.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
