<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы особо опасных инфекций</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0370-1069</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-719X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute “Microbe”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21055/0370-1069-2012-3-38-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microbe-816</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Научно-методологический подход к эпидемиологическому анализу и лабораторной диагностике болезней, вызванных вирусами Марбург и Эбола</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific-Methodological Approach to the Epidemiological Analysis and Laboratory Diagnostics of the Diseases Caused by Marburg and Ebola Viruses</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титенко</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titenko</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андаев</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andaev</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">adm@chumin.irkutsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский научно-исследовательский противочумный институт Сибири и Дальнего Востока</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute of Siberia and Far East</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3(113)</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Титенко А.М., Андаев Е.И., 2012</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Титенко А.М., Андаев Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Titenko A.M., Andaev E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/816">https://journal.microbe.ru/jour/article/view/816</self-uri><abstract><p>Анализ современной эпидемиологической ситуации показал, что за последние годы происходят существенные изменения эпидемических проявлений болезней, вызываемых вирусами Марбург и Эбола. Очевидна глобализация эпидемического процесса – масштабность вспышек, расширение нозоареала, рост заболеваемости, сокращение интервалов между эпидемическими вспышками, увеличение вероятности выноса инфекции из очагов эндемичных территорий. Отсутствуют нормативно-методические документы, регламентирующие проведение диагностических исследований по обнаружению возбудителей этих болезней. Намечен научно-методологический подход к эпидемиологическому анализу и лабораторной диагностике болезней, вызванных вирусами Марбург и Эбола.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Analysis of the current epidemiological situation has revealed that epidemic manifestations of infectious diseases, caused by Marburg and Ebola viruses, have been undergoing significant changes over the recent years. Globalization of epidemic process seems obvious due to the scale of the outbreaks, extension of nosoarea, increase in the morbidity rate, short-cut of the intervals between epidemic outbreaks, and increase of the probability of infection export outside the foci of endemic territories. Normative documents regulating the process of diagnostic investigations aimed at detection of Marburg/ Ebola virus agents are missing. In this connection, put forward is the scientific-methodological approach to epidemiological analysis and laboratory diagnostics of the diseases caused by these viruses.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лихорадки Марбург и Эбола</kwd><kwd>санитарная охрана территории</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>лабораторная диагностика</kwd><kwd>Marburg and Ebola hemorrhagic fevers</kwd><kwd>sanitary protection of the territory</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>laboratory diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Безопасность работы с микроорганизмами I–II групп патогенности (опасности) СП 1.3.1285-03. М.; 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“Safety of work with microorganisms of the I–II groups of pathoge- nicity”. SR 1.3.1285-03. M.; 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борисевич И.В., Маркин В.А., Фирсова И.В., Евсеев А.А., Хамитов Р.А., Максимов В.А. Эпидемиология, профилактика, клиника и лечение геморрагических лихорадок (Марбург, Эбола, Ласса и Боливийской). Вопр. вирусол. 2006; 5:8–16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisevich I.V., Markin V.A., Firsova I.V., Evseev A.A., Khamitov R.A., Maksimov V.A. [Epidemiology, prophylaxis, clinical picture and treat- ment of Marburg, Ebola, Lassa and Bolivian hemorrhagic fevers]. Vopr. Virusol. 2006; 5:8–16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вирусные геморрагические лихорадки. Доклад комитета экспертов ВОЗ. Женева; 1986. 119 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. Report of the WHO Committee of Experts. Geneva; 1986. 119 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дроздов С.Г., Сергиев В.П. Защита неэндемичных территорий от тропических вирусных геморрагических лихорадок. М.: Медицина; 1984. 288 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drozdov S.G., Sergiev V.P. [Protection of Non-Endemic Territories from Tropical Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers]. M.; 1984. 288 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Международные медико-санитарные правила. Женева; 2005. 73 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Health Regulations. Geneva; 2005. 73 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г., Титенко А.М. Актуальные направления совершенствования санитарно-эпидемиологической охраны территории от завоза и распространения особо опасных вирусных инфекций. Бюл. ВСНЦ СО РАМН. Иркутск, 2004; 4(1):110–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onishchenko G.G., Titenko A.M. [Current trends in the development of sanitary-epidemiological protection of the territories from importation and dissemination of particularly dangerous viral infections]. Bull. Sibirsk. Otd. RAMS. 2004; 4(1):110–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г., Кутырев В.В., редакторы. Сборник нормативно-методических документов по организации работы специализированных противоэпидемических бригад Роспотребнадзора. Саратов: ОАО «Приволжское издательство»; 2008. 216 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onishchenko G.G., Kutyrev V.V., editors. [Corpus of the Normative Documents Regulating Organization of Work of the Rospotrebnadzor Specialized Anti-Epidemic Teams]. Saratov; 2008. 216 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г., Кузькин Б.П., Кутырев В.В., Щербакова С.А., Пакскина Н.Д., Топорков А.В. Актуальные направления совершенствования лабораторной диагностики особо опасных инфекционных болезней. Пробл. особо опасных инф. 2009; 1(99):5–10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onischenko G.G., Kouzkin B.P., Kutyrev V.V., Scherbakova S.A., Pakskina N.D., Toporkov A.V. [Current trends of perfection of laboratory di- agnostics of particularly dangerous infectious diseases]. Probl. Osobo Opasn. Infek. 2009; (99):5–10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г., Кутырев В.В., редакторы. Лабораторная диагностика опасных инфекционных болезней. Практическое руководство. М.: Медицина; 2009. 470 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onishchenko G.G., Kutyrev V.V., editors. [Laboratory Diagnostics of Particularly Dangerous Infectious Diseases. Practice Guidelines]. M.; 2009. 470 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Онищенко Г.Г., Пакскина Н.Д., Топорков В.П., Топорков А.В., Шиянова А.Е., Кутырев В.В. Научно-методические основы реализации Международных медико-санитарных правил (2005 г.) на территории Российской Федерации. Пробл. особо опасных инф. 2010; 3(105):5–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onischenko G.G., Pakskina N.D., Toporkov V.P., Toporkov A.V., Shiyanova A.E., Kutyrev V.V. [Methodological principles of implementation of International Health Regulations (2005) in the Territory of the Russian Federation]. Probl. Osobo Opasn. Infek. 2010; (105):5–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Организация и проведение первичных мероприятий в случае выявления больного (трупа), подозрительного на заболевания инфекционными болезнями, вызывающими чрезвычайные ситуации в области санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения: Методические указания МУ 3.4.2552-09. М.; 2009. 112 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Organization and carrying-out of essential measures in case of detection a suspect (a corps) with infectious disease resulting in emergency situation in the sphere of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population: MR 3.4.2552-09]. M.; 2009. 112 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Организация, обеспечение и оценка противоэпидемической готовности медицинских учреждений к проведению мероприятий в случае заноса особо опасных инфекций, контагиозных вирусных геморрагических лихорадок, инфекционных болезней неясной этиологии, представляющих опасность для населения Российской Федерации и международного сообщения: Методические указания МУ 3.4.1030-01. М.; 2001. 64 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Organization, implementation and evaluation of anti-epidemic pre- paredness program in health care institutions, consisting in carrying-out the measures in case of importing particularly dangerous infectious disease, or contagious viral hemorrhagic fevers, or infectious diseases of unknown etiolo- gy that are of a serious hazard to the population of both the Russian Federation and world community: MR 3.4.1030-01]. M.; 2001. 64 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Организация работы лабораторий, использующих методы амплификации нуклеиновых кислот при работе с материалом, содержащим микроорганизмы I–IV групп патогенности: Методические указания МУ 1.3. 2569-09. М.; 2009. 42 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Organization of the activities in the laboratories practicing with amplification of nucleic acids when working with the materials containing microorganisms that fall into I–II groups of pathogenicity: MR 11.3.2569-09]. M.; 2009. 42p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Порядок учета, хранения, передачи и транспортирования микроорганизмов I–IV групп патогенности: Санитарно-эпидемиологические правила СП 1.2.036-95. М.; 1996. 80 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Method of registration, storage, transfer, and transportation of mi- croorganism that fall into I–II groups of pathogenicity: SR 1.2.036-95]. M.; 1996. 80 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Санитарная охрана территории Российской Федерации: Санитарно-эпидемиологические правила СП 3.4.2318-08. М.; 2008. 36 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Sanitary Protection of the Russian Federation Territories: SR 3.4.2318-08]. M.; 36 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Титенко А.М. Геморрагическая лихорадка Марбург. Журн. микробиол., эпидемиол. и иммунобиол. 1991; 5:67–71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titenko A.M. [Marburg hemorrhagic fever]. Zh. Mikrobiol. Epidemiol. Immunobiol. 1991; 5:67–71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Титенко А.М., Новожилов С.С., Андаев Е.И., Борисова Т.И., Куликова Е.В. Репродукция вируса Эбола в клеточных культурах. Вопр. вирусол. 1992; 2:110–3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titenko A.M., Novozhilov S.S., Andaev E.I., Borisova T.I., Kulikova E.V. [Reproduction of Ebola virus in cell cultures]. Vopr. Virusol. 1992; 2:110–3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Титенко А.М. Геморрагическая лихорадка Эбола. Журн. микробиол., эпидемиол. и иммунобиол. 1993; 3:99–105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titenko A.M. [Ebola hemorrhagic fever]. Zh. Mikrobiol. Epidemiol. Immunobiol. 1993; 3:99–105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Титенко А.М, Андаев Е.И. Куликова Е.В. Борисова Т.И. Вирусы Марбург и Эбола: биологические свойства и разработка методов лабораторной диагностики. Журн. инф. патол. Иркутск, 1998; 5(4):75–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titenko A.M., Andaev E.I., Kulikova E.V., Borisova T.I. [Marburg and Ebola viruses: biological properties and development of the methods of laboratory diagnostics]. Zh. Infek. Patol. 1998; 5(4):75–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Титенко А.М., Андаев Е.И., Борисова Т.И. Динамика экспрессии антигенов вирусов Марбург и Эбола в инфицированных клетках Vero. Вопр. вирусол. 2001; 46(6):43–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titenko A.M., Andaev E.I., Borisova T.I. [Dynamics of antigen expression of Marburg and Ebola viruses within infected Vero cells]. Vopr. Virusol. 2001; 46(6):43–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Титенко А.М. Андаев Е.И. Борисова Т.И. Определение специфических антител к вирусам Эбола и Марбург методом клеточного иммуноферментного анализа. Биотехнология. 2002; 2:5–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titenko A.M., Andaev E.I., Borisova T.I. [Detection of specific anti- bodies to Ebola and Marburg viruses using cell-bond enzyme-linked immuno- assay]. Biotekhnologya. 2002; 2:5–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Титенко А.М. Санитарная охрана территорий от завоза и распространения вирусных инфекций. Сообщение 1. Современные подходы. Пробл. особо опасных инф. 2002; 2(84):144–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titenko A.M. [Sanitary protection of territories from importation and spread of viral infections. Communication 1. Present-day approaches]. Probl. Osobo Opasn. Infek. 2002; (84):144–50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Титенко А.М., Ботвинкин А.Д., Андаев Е.И. Санитарная охрана территорий от завоза и распространения вирусных инфекций. Сообщение 2. Критерии для анализа нозологических форм. Пробл. особо опасных инф. 2003; 85:41–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titenko A.M., Botvinkin A.D., Andaev E.I. [Sanitary and epidemio- logic protection of territories from import and dissemination of viral infec- tions. Communication 2. Criteria for the analysis of nosologic forms]. Probl. Osobo Opasn. Infek. 2003; (85):41–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Титенко А.М. Санитарная охрана территорий от завоза и распространения вирусных инфекций. Сообщение 3. Дифференциация инфекций по категориям значимости. Пробл. особо опасных инф. 2004; 86:48–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titenko A.M. [Sanitary and Epidemiologic Protection of Territories from Import and Dissemination of Viral Infections. Communication 3. Differentiation of Infections According to Their Importance]. Probl. Osobo Opasn. Infek. 2004; (86):48–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Титенко А.М. Факторы, способствующие появлению и обнаружению новых вирусных инфекций. Эпидемиол. и инф. бол. 2004; 1:51–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titenko A.M. [Factors contributing to the emergence and discover- ing of new viral infections]. Epidemiol. Infek. Bol. 2004; 1:51–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черкасский Б.Л. Особо опасные инфекции. М.: Медицина; 1996. 160 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cherkassky B.L. [Particularly Dangerous infectious Diseases]. M.; 1996. 160 p. 27. Cherkassky B.L. [Guidelines on General Epidemiology]. M.; 2001. 560 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черкасский Б.Л. Руководство по общей эпидемиологии. М.: Медицина; 2001. 560 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allela L., Boury O., Pouillot R., Delicat A., Yaba P., Kumulungui B. et al. Ebola virus antibody prevalence in dogs and human risk. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2005; 11(3):385–90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allela L., Boury O., Pouillot R., Delicat A., Yaba P., Kumulungui B. et al. Ebola virus antibody prevalence in dogs and human risk. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2005; 11(3):385–90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bausch D.G., Borchert M., Grein T., Roth C., Swanepoel R. Risk Factors for Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2003; 9(12):531–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bausch D.G., Borchert M., Grein T., Roth C., Swanepoel R. Risk Factors for Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2003; 9(12):531–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fieldman H. Emerging and reemerging of filoviruses. Arch. Virol. 1996; 11:77–100.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fieldman H. Emerging and reemerging of filoviruses. Arch. Virol. 1996; 11:77–100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gonzalez J.P., Nacoune E., Slenczka W., Vidal P, Morvan J.M. Ebola and Marburg virus antibody prevalence in selected population of the Central African Republic. Microbes Infect. 2000; 2(1):39–44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gonzalez J.P., Nacoune E., Slenczka W., Vidal P, Morvan J.M. Ebola and Marburg virus antibody prevalence in selected population of the Central African Republic. Microbes Infect. 2000; 2(1):39–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heffernan R.T., Pambo B., Hatchett R.J., Leman P.A., Swanepoel R., Ryder R.W. Low seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to Ebola virus in an epidemic zone: Ogooue-Ivindo region, Northeastern Gabon, 1997. J. Infect. Dis. 2005; 191(6):964–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heffernan R.T., Pambo B., Hatchett R.J., Leman P.A., Swanepoel R., Ryder R.W. Low seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to Ebola virus in an epidemic zone: Ogooue-Ivindo region, Northeastern Gabon, 1997. J. Infect. Dis. 2005; 191(6):964–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laboratory biosafety manual. World Health Organization: Geneva; 2003. 99 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laboratory biosafety manual. World Health Organization: Geneva; 2003. 99 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leroy E.M., Telfer P., Kumulungui B., Yaba P., Rouquet P., Roques P. et al. A serological survey of Ebola virus infection in central African nonhuman primates. J. Infect. Dis. 2004; 190(11):1895–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leroy E.M., Telfer P., Kumulungui B., Yaba P., Rouquet P., Roques P. et al. A serological survey of Ebola virus infection in central African nonhuman primates. J. Infect. Dis. 2004; 190(11):1895–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martini G.A., Sitgert R., editors. Marburg virus disease. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1971. 231 р.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martini G.A., Sitgert R., editors. Marburg virus disease. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1971. 231 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Swanepoel R., Smit S.B., Rollin P.E., Formenty P., Leman P.A. Studies of reservoir hosts for Marburg virus. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2007; 13(12):1847–51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Swanepoel R., Smit S.B., Rollin P.E., Formenty P., Leman P.A. Studies of reservoir hosts for Marburg virus. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2007; 13(12):1847–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titenko А.М. Probable Role of Especially Dangerous Viral Infections in Occurrence of Extreme Situations. Scientific journal: Ulaanbaatar, 2003; 11:200–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Titenko А.М. Probable Role of Especially Dangerous Viral Infections in Occurrence of Extreme Situations. Scientific journal: Ulaanbaatar, 2003; 11:200–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO experts consultation on Ebola Reston patogenicity in humans. Geneva: Switzerland; 2009. P. 7–22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO experts consultation on Ebola Reston patogenicity in humans. Geneva: Switzerland; 2009. P. 7–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. World Health Organization. Geneva: Switzerland. 1975–2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. World Health Organization. Geneva: Switzerland. 1975–2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. World Health Organization. Geneva: Switzerland. 1975–2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
