The Study of the Immune Layer to the Cholera Agent in Individuals Living in the Republic of Guinea

For a reliable assessment of the presense of the immune layer to cholera agent, it is necessary to determine the level of specific antibodies in human blood serum. To detect specific anticholera antibodies serological methods are used, aimed to identify agglutinating, vibriocidal and toxin neutralizing antibodies. At the same time, the stated methods have several drawbacks which can be eliminated when using biological microarrays to detect specific antibodies. Object of work. Assessment of the level of the immune layer to cholera agent in individuals residing in the territory of the Republic of Guinea, using a biological microchip. Materials and methods. 190 blood serum samples of people living on the territory of three provinces of the Republic of Guinea, collected over the period of May-October 2016 were studied. The detection of specific antibodies to antigens of V. cholerae was performed using the immunochip for serodiagnosis in the indirect analysis. V. cholerae O-antigens and cholera toxin were used as specific antigens for sensibilization of the immunochip surface. Results and discussion. As a result of the analysis, using immunochip, specific antibodies to O1 and O139-antigens of V. cholerae at the titer of 1:100 were not detected in any of the cases. At the same time, antibodies to cholera toxin were found in 66 samples (34.7 %); titers varied from 1:100 to 1:1600, being 1:100 in 59 samples, 1:400 - in 1 sample, 1:800 - in 2 samples, 1:1600 - in 4 samples. The absence of statistically significant differences depending on the gender of the examined people and the territory of their residence was noted. The obtained results can be explained by the fact that antibodies to cholera toxin are more resistant and circulate longer in human serum than antibodies to O-antigens. Studies have demonstrated the presence of IgG antibodies complementary to cholera toxin in sera, which may indicate both the contact of the population with the cholera pathogen and the formation of post-vaccinal immunity.

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