Field Epidemiological Study of the Risk Factors of Brucellosis Insidence in the Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyz Republic

Abstract

Objective of this study was to determine the risk factors of brucellosis morbidity in the Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan. Materials and methods. A case-control study was conducted in the process of field epidemiological survey of risk factors of brucellosis incidence that lasted for 6 month in the year 2018 in the Jalal-Abad Region. The study involved 180 respondents (90 cases and 90 controls). Cases of brucellosis were identified on the basis of epidemiological, clinical and laboratory criteria. Respondents were interviewed using the developed questionnaire to obtain information on the risk factors. To determine the exposure/ disease ratio, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated for each factor. Results and discussion. It was revealed that the intake of unpasteurized homemade cream (OR = 2.8; CI = 1.5–5.2; p = 0.0001), grilled meat (shish-kebabs) (OR = 5.1; CI = 2.5–10.4; p = 0.0001); cases of abortion or stillbirth among animals in households (OR = 11.3; CI = 4.2–30.6; p = 0.0001), stall cleaning (OR = 2.5; CI = 1.3–4.626; p = 0.0001), shearing of sheep (OR = 2.6; CI = 1.2–5.6; p = 0.01) and animal slaughter (OR = 2.9; CI = 1.2–6.5; p = 0.01) are statistically significant in relation to the risk of infection with brucellosis. To that end, the listed factors are the  key risk factors for brucellosis infection. The livestock keeping in private households (OR = 7.1; CI = 3.0–16.5; p = 0.0001) is also of great importance as a risk factor. For implementation of any preventive measures against brucellosis the value of the OR indicator (OR = 0.8, CI = 0.04–0.18; p = 0.0001) proves their reasonability.