Nutrient Media for Diagnosis of Brucellosis

The overview contains information from Russian and foreign literature about composition and usage of nutrient media for brucellosis diagnosis and immunobiological preparations production. Nutrient media for cultivation, isolation, enrichment, identification and differentiation of Brucella and their L-form as well as transport media and synthetic media are considered. Advantages and disadvantages are described for some of the products. The overview also contains information about nutritional bases, growth factors and selective components included in these media. There is a particular focus on selective media, their history and improvement. The article gives the requirements for the inhibitory properties of these products and the disadvantages of using certain antimicrobial agents. The authors list nutrient media for various purposes, certified for use by the Russian regulatory documents, recommendations of World Health Organization and World Organization for Animal Health. Data about principles for assessing the quality of culture media and test strains used to control biological parameters of culture media are covered. The authors also present materials about the trends in nutrient media development for Brucella cultivation and isolation, methods of their application. In conclusion, they identify the need to conduct research in the sphere of the development of new nutrient media for Brucella isolation from the material contaminated by foreign microorganisms.

1. Ponomarenko D.G., Ezhlova E.B., Rusanova D.V, Khachaturova A.A., Pakskina N.D., Berdnikova TV., Manin E.A., Semenko O.V., Logvinenko O.V, Rakitina E.L., Kostyuchenko M.V, Maletskaya O.V, Kulichenko A.N. Analysis of epizootiological-epidemiological situation on brucellosis in the Russian Federation in 2018 and forecast for 2019. Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii [Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections]. 2019; 2:14-21. DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2019-2-14-21.

2. Onishchenko G.G., Kutyrev V.V., editors. [Laboratory Diagnostics of Dangerous Infectious Diseases.Practice Guidelines]. M.: CJSC «Shiko»; 2013. 560 p.

3. Corbel M.J. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization, World Organization for Animal Health. Brucellosis in humans and animals. Geneva; 2006. 89 p.

4. World Organization for Animal Health. Terrestrial Manual. [Internet]. (Cited 22 Aug 2019). Available from: https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/3.01.04_BRUCELLOSIS.pdf.

5. Whatmore A.M., Davison N., Cloeckaert A., Al Dahouk S., Zygmunt M.S., Brew S.D., Perrett L.L., Koylass M.S., Vergnaud G., Quance C., Scholz H.C., Dick E.J. Jr., Hubbard G., Schlabritz-Loutsevitch N.E. Brucellapapionis sp. nov., isolated from baboons (Papio spp.). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2014; 64(Pt 12):4120-8. DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.065482-0.

6. Scholz H.C., Revilla-Fernandez S., Al Dahouk S., Hammerl J.A., Zygmunt M.S., Cloeckaert A., Koylass M.S., Whatmore A.M., Blom J., Vergnaud G., Witte A., Aistleitner K., Hofer E. Brucella vulpis sp. nov., isolated from mandibular lymph nodes of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2016; 66(5):2090-8. DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000998.

7. Kazanev A.P., Bulan’kov Yu.I. [Brucellosis]. In: [Guidelines on Infectious Diseases] Lobzin Yu.V, Zhdanov K.V., editors. St. Petersburg: LLC Publishing House “Foliant”; 2011. P. 389-400.

8. Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. [Brucellosis in Adults. Clinical Guidelines]. 2014.71 p.

9. Taran I.F., Lyamkin G.I. [Brucellosis (microbiology, immunology, epidemiology, prophylaxis)]. Stavropol. 1996. 172 p.

10. Joint FAO/WHO expert committee on brucellosis. World Health Organ. Tech. Rep. Ser. 1986; 740:1-132. PMID: 3097967.

11. The OXOID MANUAL. 9th Edition. 2006. 624 p.

12. [Diagnostics of Particularly Dangerous Infections (PDI). HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Limited (India). [Electronic source]. Available from: http://www.himedialabs.ru/ooi/ (Cited: August 22, 2019).

13. Sobolev V.V., Mel’nik N.V. Sklyarov O.D., Troynin A.S., Zenov N.I., Klimanov A.I., Shumilov K.V, Litenkova I.Yu., Rakhmanin P.P., Kryukov S.V, Trenev V.N., Solov’ev B.V, Balashov VG. [Method for the production of brucellous antigen from the strain Brucella abortus 19 for obtaining universal brucellous antigen for agglutination test, complement fixation test, and prolonged complement fixation test, brucellous antigen for rose bengal test (RBT) and brucellous antigen for ring test with milk, method for the production of brucellous diagnostic serum and diagnostic panels]. RF Patent No2361610, published on July 20, 200, Bulletin No 20 .

14. Pyatkova N.V., Susloparov A.A., Fedotov A.K., Yudnikov V.A., Polishchuk VI., Okhapkina V.Yu., Darmov I.V [Method for the production of biomass from brucellous vaccine strains via submerged cultivation using liquid nutrient medium of minimized composition]. RF Patent No 2687373, published on May 13, 2019, Bulletin No 14

15. Kabakhova P.M., Khairov S.G., Yusupov O.Yu., Yanikova E.A. Comparative study of different nutrient media for commercial cultivation of Brucella abortus 19. Veterinarnaya Meditsina [VeterinaryMedicine]. 2014; 2:6-8.

16. Devrishov D.A., Shvedov V.V., Shvedov D.V., Bedoeva Z.M. Comparative assessment of growth properties of production brucella cultures on different nutrient media. Veterinarnaya Meditsina [Veterinary Medicine]. 2014; 1:19-34.

17. Kovtun Yu. S., Kurilova A.A., Katunina L.S., Vasilenko E.I. Comparative evaluation of protein hydrolysates in the process of constructing based on them nutrient medium for brucella cultivating. Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii [Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections]. 2016; 4:93-97. DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2016-4-93-97:

18. Mamleeva N.K., Torbina M.P., Belozerova G.A. Nutrient medium for diagnostics of brucellosis. Certificate of Authorship of the USSR No 1806186, published on March 30, 1993 Bulletin No12.

19. Zaitseva A.I. Assessment of efficacy of therapeutic brucellous vaccine produced on the medium with yeast autolysate. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii [Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunobiology]. 1961; 1:107-110.

20. Ivanov M.M., Mikhailov N.A. Nutrient medium for cultivation of microorganisms. Certificate of authorship of the USSR No 382682, published on May 23, 1973 Bulletin No. 23.

21. Golovneva S.I., Lyamkin G.I., Katunina L.S., Lyapustina L.V., Startseva O.L., Maletskaya O.V., Efremenko VI. Nutrient medium for brucella cultivation. RF Patent No 2299238, published on May 20, 2007 Bulletin No 14.

22. Tripathi K.K., Bhatnagar L., Seiffge D., Jankowski R.P., Aikins H.E., Gupta K.G. On the growth of Brucella species in presence of erythritol in defined and undefined media and amniotic fluid of human, cow and sheep. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Orig. A. 1977; 237(2-3):324-9.

23. Karagul M.S. Evaluation of adding erythritol to Farrell medium for primary isolation of the Brucella melitensis strains. Kocatepe Vet. J. 2019; 12(1):75-81. DOI: 10.30607/kvj.494891.

24. Miranda K.L., Dorneles E.M.S., Poester F.P., Martins Filho P.S., Pauletti R.B., Lage A.P. Different resistance patterns of refer¬ence and field strains of Brucella abortus. Braz. J. Microbiol. 2015; 46(1):265-9. DOI: 10.1590/S1517-838246120130625.

25. Devrishov D.A., Kabardiev S.Sh., Yusupov O.Yu. Method for the production of vaccine against brucellosis of small ruminants. RF Patent No 2642316, published on January 24, 2018.

26. Review of the main components of nutrient media. Обзор [Internet]. (Cited 22 Aug 2019). Available from: http://www.dia-m.ru/upload/iblock/34b/Spravochnik%20po%20mikrobiologii%20Mersk%20-%20pitatel'nyye%20sredy,%20dobavki,%20ekspress-testy,%20probootborniki%20vozdukha,%20russk.,%20679%20str..pdf

27. Gerhardt P., Wilson J.B. The nutrition of brucellae: growth in simple chemically defined media. J. Bacteriol. 1948; 56(1):17-24. PMID: 16561542. PMCID: PMC518538.

28. Rode L.J., Oglesby G., Schuhardt VT. The cultivation of brucellae on chemically defined media. J. Bacteriol. 1950; 60(5):661-8.

29. Tsygankova R.E., Maisky V.G., Lyapustina L.V, Lyamkin G.I. Synthetic nutrient medium for brucella cultivation. RF Patent No 2148638, published on May 10, 2000.

30. Perez-Etayo L., de Miguel M.J., Conde-Alvarez R., Munoz P.M., Khames M., Iriarte M., Moriyon I., Zuniga-Ripa A. The CO2-dependence of Brucella ovis and Brucella abortus biovars is caused by defective carbonic anhydrases. Vet. Res. 2018, 49(1):85. DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0583-1.

31. Merinov S.P., Shirokov V.A., Golubinsky E.P., Pinigin A.F., Petukhova O.S. Synthetic nutrient medium for brucella cultivation. Certificate of authorship of USSR No 933702, published on June 07, 1982 Bulletin No 21.

32. Donskoy D.N., Pinigin A.F., Golubinsky E.P., Merinov S.P. Minimum synthetic nutrient medium for Brucella. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii [Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology]. 1983; 60(11):112.

33. Alimov A.M., Zaineev N.Sh., Salmakov K.M., Khazipov N.Z. Synthetic medium for determining saccharolytic activity of brucella. Certificate of authorship of the USSR No 1210453, published on March 23, 1988 Bulletin No 11.

34. Marin C.M., Alabart J.L., Blasco J.M. Effect of antibiotics contained in two Brucella selective media on growth of Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, and B. ovis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1996; 34(2):426-8.

35. Hornsby R.L. Selective media for isolation of Brucella abortus strain RB51. 1998. [Internet]. (Cited 22 Aug 2019). Available from https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=18852&context=rtd.

36. Huddleston I. Forrest, Hasley D.E., Torrey J.P. Further studies on the isolation and cultivation of Bacterium abortus (Bang). J. Infect. Dis. 1927; 40(20):352-68. DOI: 10.1093/infdis/40.2.352.

37. Henry B.S., Traum J., Haring C.M. Methods for the isolation of Brucella abortus. Hilgardia. 1932; 6(12):355-79. DOI: 10.3733/hilg.v06nL2p355.

38. Kuzdas C.D., Morse E.V A selective medium for the isolation of brucellae from contaminated materiales. J. Bacteriol. 1953; 66(4):502-4. PMID: 13096514. PMCID: PMC317420.

39. Jones L.M., Morgan W. J.B. A preliminary report on a selective medium for the culture of Brucella, including fastidious types. Bull. World Health Organ. 1958; 19(1)200-3.

40. The Modification of Technical Annexes of Council Directive 64/432/EEC to take account of Scientific Developments regarding Tuberculosis, Brucellosis and Enzootic Bovine Leucosis. [Internet]. (Cited 22 Aug 2019). Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/safety/docs/sci-com_scah_out33_en.pdf.

41. Farell I.D. The development of a new selective medium for the isolation of Brucella abortus from contaminated sources. Res. Vet. Sci. 1974; 16(3):280-6. DOI: 10.1016/S0034-5288(18)33726-3.

42. Stack J.A., Harrison M., Perrett L.L. Evaluation of a selective medium for Brucella isolation using natamycin. J. Appl Microbiol. 2002; 92(4):724-8. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01595.x.

43. De Miguel M.J., Marin C.M., Munoz P.M., Dieste L., Grillo M.J., Blasco J.M. Development of a selective culture medium for primary isolation of the main Brucella species. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2011; 49(4):1458-63. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02301-10.

44. Marin C.M., Jimenez de Bagues M.P., Barberan M., Blasco J.M. Comparison of two selective media for the isolation of Brucella melitensis from naturally infected sheep and goats. Vet Rec. 1996; 138(17):409-11. DOI: 10.1136/vr.138.17.409.

45. Vicente A.F., Antunes J.M.A.P., Lara G.H.B., Mioni M.S.R., Allendorf S.D., Peres M.G., Appolinario C.M., Listoni F.J.P., Ribeiro M.G., Megid J. Evaluation of three formulations of culture media for isolation of Brucella spp. regarding their ability to inhibit the growth of contaminating organisms. Biomed. Res. Int. 2014; 2014:702072. DOI: 10.1155/2014/702072.

46. World Organization for Animal Health. Manual of diag¬nostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. 6th ed. OIE; 2008. P. 628.

47. Karagul M.S., Ikiz S. Comparison of the isolation and inhibition abilities of selective media used for Brucella spp. Isolation. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 2017; 41:781-6. DOI: 10.3906/vet-1701-50.

48. Brodie J., Sinton G.P. Fluid and solid media for isolation of Brucella abortus. J. Hyg. (bond). 1975; 74(3):359-67. DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400046878.

49. Omarova S.M., Akhmedova E.M Medzhidov Sh.M., Murtuzalieva P.M. Nutrient medium for brucella detection. RF Patent No 2266956, published on December 27, 2005 Bulletin No 36.

50. Gruber I.M., Melnikova V.A., Shostak O.A., Cherkasova L.S. The specific activity of selective culture medium for isolation of bacteria of the genus Haemophilus. Epidemiologiya i Infektsionnye Bolezni [Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases]. 2005; 3:15-17.

51. Vasil’ev D.A., Karpunina L.V., Shcherbakov A.A., Nazarova L.S., Shvidenko I.G., Zolotukhin S.N. L-forms of the agents of anthropozoonoses. Ulyanovsk: Publishing house of P.A. Stolypin Ulyanovsk State Agrarian Academy, 2013. 118 p.

52. Mikhailov L.M., Maevsky M.P., Kuznetsov VI., Kalinovsky A.I., Tatarnikova O.G. Nutrient medium for isolation and cultivation of brucella L-forms. RF Patent No 2415918, published on April 10, 2011 Bulletin No 10.

53. Mikhailov L.M., Kalinovsky A.I., Barannikova N.L., Kuznetsov VI., Atlas A.G., Andreevskaya N.M., Mikhailova V.A., Tatarnikova O.G., Gordienko L.N., Kulikova E.V, Balakhonov S.V Construction of nutrient media for L-form brucella. Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii [Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections]. 2012; 3:89-93. DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2012-3-89-93.

54. Geresu M.A., Ameni G., Wubete A., Arenas-Gamboa A. M., Gezahegne M. K. Isolation and identification of Brucella species from dairy cattle by biochemical tests: The first report from Ethiopia. World Vet. J. 2016; 6(2):80-8. DOI: 10.5455/wvp0160471.