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Assessment of the Herd Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the Population of the Leningrad Region during the COVID-19 Epidemic

https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2020-3-114-123

Abstract

The first case of COVID-19 was registered in the Leningrad Region on March 13, 2020. The period of increasing intensity of the epidemic process lasted 8 weeks. One month after reaching the maximum incidence rate, a study was organized to determine seroprevalence to COVID-19 among the population of the Region.

Objective of the study was to determine the level and structure of community immunity to SARS-CoV-2 virus in the population of the Leningrad Region in the period of intensive COVID-19 transmission.

Materials and methods. The work was carried out within the framework of the Rospotrebnadzor project on assessment of community immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the population of the Russian Federation. The content of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was determined applying ELISA using a kit for the analysis of human serum or blood plasma for the presence of specific IgG to the nucleocapsid of the SARS-CoV-2 virus , manufactured by the State Scientific Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (Obolensk) in accordance with the instructions for use.

Results and discussion. The study has showed that the herd immunity of the population of the Leningrad Region was 20.7 %. The maximum level has been established in children 1–6 years old (42.3 %) and people over 70 years old (29.0 %). The highest level of seropositivity, except for children and older people, was found among the unemployed (25.1 %). The lowest level of seroprevalence was detected in civil servants (12.8 %) and military personnel (16.7 %). It has been shown that the risk of infection increases by 1.5 times in case of contacts with COVID-19 patients. After exposure to COVID-19 virus, antibodies are produced in 82.1 % of the cases. In individuals with a positive PCR test result obtained earlier, antibodies are detected in 82.8 % of cases. The share of asymptomatic forms among seropositive residents of the Leningrad Region was 86.9 %. The results of assessing the herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the population of the Leningrad Region indicate that during the period of intensive COVID-19 transmission, an average level of seroprevalence was formed. A significant proportion of asymptomatic forms of infection characterizes the high intensity of the latently developing epidemic process. The results obtained should be taken into account when organizing preventive measures, including vaccination, and predicting morbidity rates. 

About the Authors

A. Yu. Popova
Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere for Consumers Right Protection and Human Welfare; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education
Russian Federation

18, Bld. 5 and 7, Vadkovsky Pereulok, Moscow, 127994, Russian Federation

2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation



E. B. Ezhlova
Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere for Consumers Right Protection and Human Welfare
Russian Federation
18, Bld. 5 and 7, Vadkovsky Pereulok, Moscow, 127994, Russian Federation


A. A. Mel’nikova
Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere for Consumers Right Protection and Human Welfare
Russian Federation
18, Bld. 5 and 7, Vadkovsky Pereulok, Moscow, 127994, Russian Federation


O. A. Historik
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


O. S. Mosevich
Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


L. V. Lyalina
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


V. S. Smirnov
Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


M. A. Cherny
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


N. S. Balabysheva
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


I. S. Loginova
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


O. S. Vladimirova
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


I. S. Samoglyadova
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


N. A. Vasev
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


S. V. Rumyantseva
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


E. Yu. Chupalova
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


G. V. Selivanova
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


M. V. Muraviova
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


L. V. Timofeeva
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


E. N. Khankishieva
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


V. D. Tylchevskaya
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


N. D. Nikitenko
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


T. I. Kostenitskaya
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


N. V. Virkunen
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


I. M. Klimkina
Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


T. M. Kuzmina
Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


N. V. Degtyarenko
Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


A. I. Bazunova
Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


L. A. Filippova
Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


N. A. Palchikova
Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


A. V. Kukshkin
Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Leningrad Region
Russian Federation
27, Ol’minskogo St., St. Petersburg, 192029, Russian Federation


N. A. Arsentieva
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


O. K. Batsunov
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


E. A. Bogumilchik
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


E. A. Voskresenskaya
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


V. G. Drobyshevskaya
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


E. V. Zueva
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


G. I. Kokorina
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


N. N. Kurova
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


N. E. Lyubimova
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


R. S. Ferman
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


G. N. Khamdulaeva
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


I. V. Khamitova
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


E. V. Khorkova
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


A. M. Milichkina
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


V. G. Dedkov
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


A. A. Totolian
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


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Review

For citations:


Popova A.Yu., Ezhlova E.B., Mel’nikova A.A., Historik O.A., Mosevich O.S., Lyalina L.V., Smirnov V.S., Cherny M.A., Balabysheva N.S., Loginova I.S., Vladimirova O.S., Samoglyadova I.S., Vasev N.A., Rumyantseva S.V., Chupalova E.Yu., Selivanova G.V., Muraviova M.V., Timofeeva L.V., Khankishieva E.N., Tylchevskaya V.D., Nikitenko N.D., Kostenitskaya T.I., Virkunen N.V., Klimkina I.M., Kuzmina T.M., Degtyarenko N.V., Bazunova A.I., Filippova L.A., Palchikova N.A., Kukshkin A.V., Arsentieva N.A., Batsunov O.K., Bogumilchik E.A., Voskresenskaya E.A., Drobyshevskaya V.G., Zueva E.V., Kokorina G.I., Kurova N.N., Lyubimova N.E., Ferman R.S., Khamdulaeva G.N., Khamitova I.V., Khorkova E.V., Milichkina A.M., Dedkov V.G., Totolian A.A. Assessment of the Herd Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the Population of the Leningrad Region during the COVID-19 Epidemic. Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections. 2020;(3):114-123. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2020-3-114-123

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