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Herd Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the Population in Saint-Petersburg during the COVID-19 Epidemic

https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2020-3-124-130

Abstract

The first case of COVID-19 was diagnosed in St. Petersburg on March 2, 2020; the period of increase in the incidence lasted for 10 weeks, the maximum rates were recorded in mid-May, and subsequently there was a statistically significant decrease in the incidence.

Objective: to determine the level and structure of community immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the population of St. Petersburg during the period of intensive spread of COVID-19.

Materials and methods. Selection of volunteers for the study was carried out through interviewing and randomization. The exclusion criterion was active COVID-19 infection at the time of the survey. 2713 people aged 1 to 70 years and above were  examined for the presence of specific antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Antibodies were detected by enzyme immunoassay.

Results and discussion. Studies have shown that in St. Petersburg, in the active phase of COVID-19 epidemic, there was a moderate seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2, which amounted to 26 %, against the background of a high frequency (84.5 %) of asymptomatic infection in seropositive individuals who did not have a history of COVID-19 disease, positive PCR result and ARI symptoms on the day of examination. The maximum indicators of herd immunity were established in children 1–6 years old (31.1 %), 7–13 years old (37.7 %) and people over 70 years old (30.4 %). Differences in the level of seroprevalence in the age groups of 18–49 years are statistically significant. The highest level of seroprevalence was found among the unemployed (29.7 %), healthcare workers (27.1 %), education sector (26.4 %) and business sector personnel (25 %). In convalescents, COVID-19 antibodies are produced in 75 % of cases. In individuals with positive result of PCR analysis carried out earlier, antibodies are detected in 70 % of the cases. The results of the study of herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 are essential to forecast the development of the epidemiological situation, as well as to plan measures for specific and non-specific prevention of COVID-19. 

About the Authors

A. Yu. Popova
Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Right Protection and Human Welfare; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education
Russian Federation

18, Bld. 5 and 7, Vadkovsky Pereulok, Moscow, 127994, Russian Federation

2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation


E. B. Ezhlova
Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Right Protection and Human Welfare
Russian Federation
18, Bld. 5 and 7, Vadkovsky Pereulok, Moscow, 127994, Russian Federation


A. A. Mel’nikova
Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Right Protection and Human Welfare
Russian Federation
18, Bld. 5 and 7, Vadkovsky Pereulok, Moscow, 127994, Russian Federation


N. S. Bashketova
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in Saint-Petersburg
Russian Federation
19, Stremyannaya St., St. Petersburg, 191025, Russian Federation


R. K. Fridman
Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Saint-Petersburg
Russian Federation

77, Volkovsky Avenue, St. Petersburg, 192102, Russian Federation


L. V. Lyalina
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


V. S. Smirnov
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


I. G. Chkhindzheriya
Rospotrebnadzor Administration in Saint-Petersburg
Russian Federation
19, Stremyannaya St., St. Petersburg, 191025, Russian Federation


T. A. Grechaninova
Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Saint-Petersburg
Russian Federation

77, Volkovsky Avenue, St. Petersburg, 192102, Russian Federation


K. A. Agapov
Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Saint-Petersburg
Russian Federation
77, Volkovsky Avenue, St. Petersburg, 192102, Russian Federation


N. A. Arsent’eva
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


N. A. Bazhenova
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


O. K. Batsunov
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


E. M. Danilova
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


E. V. Zueva
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


D. V. Komkova
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


R. N. Kuznetsova
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


N. E. Lyubimova
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


A. N. Markova
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


I. V. Khamitova
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


V. I. Lomonosova
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


V. V. Vetrov
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


A. M. Milichkina
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


V. G. Dedkov
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation
14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


A. A. Totolyan
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
Russian Federation

14, Mira St., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation


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Review

For citations:

Popova A.Yu., Ezhlova E.B., Mel’nikova A.A., Bashketova N.S., Fridman R.K., Lyalina L.V., Smirnov V.S., Chkhindzheriya I.G., Grechaninova T.A., Agapov K.A., Arsent’eva N.A., Bazhenova N.A., Batsunov O.K., Danilova E.M., Zueva E.V., Komkova D.V., Kuznetsova R.N., Lyubimova N.E., Markova A.N., Khamitova I.V., Lomonosova V.I., Vetrov V.V., Milichkina A.M., Dedkov V.G., Totolyan A.A. Herd Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the Population in Saint-Petersburg during the COVID-19 Epidemic. Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections. 2020;(3):124-130. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2020-3-124-130

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