Molecular Mechanisms of Ebola Virus Entry into Permissive Cells

Ebola virus, representative of the Ebolavirus genus, Filoviridae family, causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans, with lethality rates amounting up to 90 %. The members of Ebolavirus genus infect a broad range of mammalian cells. Recent studies indicate that entry of Ebola virus into cells requires a series of cellular protein interactions and molecular mechanisms, some of which are unique to filoviruses, while others are commonly used by all viral glycoproteins. The cellular factors deployed by filoviruses for their entry into permissive cells are defined incompletely. The aim of this review is to analyze peculiarity of the Ebola virus penetration into permissive cells at molecular level. The Ebola virus entry into cells is initiated by the interaction of viral glycoprotein with one or more receptors on the surface of host-cell. The main host-cell factors, involved in filovirus entry, are: attachment factors (cell lectins and human T-cell mucin 1 (TIM-1)), signaling factors (tyrosinkinase receptors and α₅β₁-integrin), and endolisosomal host-cell factors (cathepsins B and L and Niemann-Pick C1 protein. The study of the complex set of virus entry events provides potential avenues for the development of antiviral therapies against Ebola fever.

вирус Эбола, филовирусы, проникновение вируса, эндоцитоз, факторы присоединения, сигнальные факторы, эндолизосомальные факторы, клетка-хозяин, Ebola virus, hemorrhagic fever, filovirus, virus entry, endocytosis, attachment factors, signaling factors, endolisosomal factors, host-cell

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