Evaluation of External and Internal Threats to Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare of the Population in the Context of Mass Sporting Events

Mass gatherings (MGs) always incur some kind of potential hazard associated with incipiency of emergency situations with sanitary-epidemiological bias (ES). Upcoming Universiade (World Student Games) in Kazan (July, 2013) raises an issue of implementation of a unified system of approaches to the effective provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population, taking due account of peculiarities and specific conditions under which the MG will be conducted. Therewith key objective of this study has been formulated as elaboration of the system based on epidemiological assessment of real and potential threats at the MG. Analyzed have been the data on 37 MGs carried out over the period of 25 years since 1987 up to 2012; investigated is epidemiological situation in 170 participating states. Worked out is a scheme of qualitative determination of potential epidemiological threat on the basis of comprehensive assessment of epidemiological risks in the endemic territories of the troubled regions. Distinguished is a complex of measures for the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare when managing the Universiade in Kazan heedful of high potential epidemiological hazard of this event.

массовые мероприятия, внешние и внутренние угрозы санитарно-эпидемиологическому благополучию, ЧС санитарно-эпидемиологического характера, эпидемиологический риск, реальная и потенциальная эпидемическая опасность массовых мероприятий, mass gatherings, external and internal threats to sanitary-epidemiological welfare, ES with sanitary-epidemiological bias, epidemiological risk, real and potential epidemic threats

1. Global mass events: significance and possibilities of health provision worldwide. WHO report; 2011 [cited 20 Jan 2013]. 9 p. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/25910/1/B130_17-ru.pdf.

2. Onischenko G.G., Kulichenko A.N., Maletskaya O.V., Grizhebovsky G.M., Klindukhov V.P. [Ensuring of protection from biological threats during Olympic games]. Probl. Osobo Opasn. Infek. 2010; (106): 5–8.

3. Onishchenko G.G., Moskvitina E.A., Kologorov A.I., Morozov V.V., Pigalova N.V., Ziatdinov V.B., Bugrova E.P., Karnaukhov I.G., Kazakova E.S., Lomov Yu.M., Mishan`kin B.N., Mazrukho B.L., Kudryakova T.A., Vodopianov S.O., Ryzhko N.V., Korolev Yu.S. [Cholera outbreak in Kazan in 2001]. Probl. Osobo Opasn. Infek. 2001; (82): 15–26.

4. Onischenko G.G., Pakskina N.D., Toporkov V.P., Toporkov A.V., Shiyanova A.E., Kutyrev V.V. [Methodological principles of implementation of International health regulations (2005) in the territory of the Russian Federation]. Probl. Osobo Opasn. Infek. 2010; (105): 5–12.

5. Smolensky V.Yu., Toporkov V.P., Karnaukhov I.G., Toporkov A.V., Kutyrev V.V. [Organizational and methodological aspects of international cooperation for the provision of sanitary-and-epidemiological welfare of the population]. Probl. Osobo Opasn. Infek. 2012; (113): 5–14.

6. Abubakar I., Gautret P., Brunette,G.W., Blumberg L., Johnson D., Poumerol G., Memish Z.A., Barbeschi M., Khan A.S. Global perspectives for prevention of infectious diseases associated with mass gatherings. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2012; 12:66–74.

7. Gesteland P.H., Gardner R.M., Tsui F.C., Espino J.U., Rolfs R.T., James B.C., Chapman W.W., Moore A.W., Wagner M.M. Automated syndromic surveillance for the 2002 winter Olympics. J. Amer. Med. Inform. Association. 2003; 10(6):547–54.

8. Gundlapalli A.V., Rubin M.A., Samore M.H., Lopansri B., Lahey T., McGuire H.L., Winthrop K.L., Dunn J.J., Willick S.E., Vosters R.L., Waeckerle J.F., Carroll K.C., Gwaltney J.M., Hayden F.G., Elstad M.R., Sande M.A. Influenza, winter Olympiad, 2002. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2006; 12:144–6.

9. London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Summary Report of the Health Protection Agency’s Games Time Activities. HPA; 2012 [cited 15 Dec 2012]. 48 p. Available from: http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1317137705751.

10. Meehan P., Toomey K., Drinnon J., Cunningham S., Anderson N., Baker E. Public Health Response for the 1996 Olympic Games. JAMA. 1998; 279(18):1469–73.

11. Morgan J., Bornstein S.L., Karpati A.M., Bruce M., Bolin C.A., Austin C.C., Woods C.W., Lingappa J., Langkop C., Davis B., Graham D.R., Proctor M., Ashford D.A., Bajani M., Bragg S.L., Shutt K., Perkins B.A., Tappero J.W. Outbreak of leptospirosis among triathlon participants and community residents in Springfield, Illinois, 1998. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2002; 34:1593–99.

12. Tsouros A.D., Efstathiou P.A. Mass gatherings and public health. The Experience of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games. WHO; 2007. 402 p.

13. Weiss B.P., Mascola L., Fannin S.L. Public Health at the 1984 Summer Olympics: The Los Angeles County Experience. Am. J. Public Health. 1988; 78(6):686–88.

14. WHO. Communicable disease alert and response for mass gatherings: key considerations. WHO, 2008 [cited 12 Feb 2013]. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/Mass_gatherings2.pdf.