Present review summarizes the literary data on applying the modern molecular genetic methods to analyze the diversity of natural strains of plague and cholera agents. Chosen was the complex of most perspective methods on the basis of which was developed the algorithm of gene-diagnostic analysis of Yersinia pestis and Vibrio cholerae strains.

The review presents the functional characteristics of the main types of biosensors: electrochemical, piezoelectric and optical. Shown are the examples of biosensors application for pathogenic biological agents detection. The prospects of biosensors development for laboratory diagnostics of particularly dangerous infectious diseases are discussed.

Retrospective analysis of rabies incidence in animals, carried out in 2006-2008, enables to expect deterioration of epidemiologic situation in the Republic of Mordovia. Foxes remain to be the main reservoirs of rabies virus and disease spreaders (up to 90% of rabies cases are revealed in wild animals), whereas epizootics in anthropurgic foci are maintained by dogs and cats.

Based on the experience of the long-term epizootiologic survey in the natural foci of plague, determined were the principles of usage of the developed methodology of monitoring of the dangerous infectious diseases combined with plague. The methods of collection of the field material to identify the agents of different infections were suggested. Prospects of complex differentiation of territory according to the level of epidemic danger were considered. The tasks of further study of the areas, spatial and biocenotic structure of combined natural foci of plague and other dangerous infections were formulated.

Analyzed were normative and methodical documents which were in force at different stages determined as regards current tasks, staff schedule and the equipment table of the specialized anti-epidemic teams (SAET). Substantiated was the necessity to develop the new regulatory document, comprising requirements of biosafety provision of the specialized anti-epidemic teams functioning. Determined was the way of further improvement of normative and methodical provision of biosafety under conditions of practical realization of the conception of SAET modernization. It included the development of the set of regulatory documents specifying the fulfillment of the main provisions of the Standing Оrder and elaboration of management system based on risk analysis.

Informational value of different biological objects in view of plague agent detection was determined on the basis of analysis of long-term data received in Karginsk' mesofocus of Tuvinian natural plague focus. The dynamics of epizootic process was studied in detail based on the investigation of mass material of three basic types. The results received enabled to determine and clarify the optimal terms of gathering of various field material for laboratory investigations.

Studied was the efficiency of oxy- and chloride-containing preparations and QAC based compositions in disinfecting of surfaces and medical purpose items contaminated by the agents of plague, tularemia and anthrax. The investigated preparations were proposed to be included in the list of disinfectants, used for disinfection of objects, contaminated with biological agents of bacterial nature of A category.

The expansion of areas and increase of the number of Ixodes ticks lead to distribution of ixodic tick-borne borreliosis agent in the territory of Saratov region. There exists the potential danger of activation of the natural foci of tularemia, formation of tick-borne encephalitis and Crimean hemorrhagic fever foci, their reservoirs and vectors being the ixodic ticks inhabiting the territory of the region.

Determined and substantiated were the main characteristics of mobile indication laboratory in view of carrying out epizootiologic monitoring of natural-focal and other dangerous infectious diseases (functional capabilities, type of basic means of transport, production capacity, technical staff, proposed biosafety level and independence degree).

State of immunity (cellular and humoral, natural resistance factors) was evaluated, functional and enzymatic activity of blood neutrophils was studied in experimental animals under administration of intact lyposomes in different ways (per os and intra peritoneum). The lyposomes were formed out of the lipids isolated from porcine brains. The lyposomes were shown to produce prolonged stimulating effect upon immunocompetent cells at any way of administration, this effect being more pronounced when preparations were injected intra peritoneum.

The present review considered key elements of quorum sensing system of gram-negative bacteria and summarized the existing literature data on functioning features of intercellular communication system in three pathogenic Yersinia -Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. pestis.

National and foreign literature was analyzed. Considered were nutrient media for plague agent growth, isolation and differentiation. Present state of nutrient media production was highlighted.

Proposed was the simple liquid nutrient medium for tularemia agent biomass growth with the aim to isolate DNA and antigens out of bacterial cells and to culture the tranformants of F.tularensis. Shown was that yeastrel contained complete set of amino acids and growth stimulating agents required for F.tularensis growth, except for cysteine.

Comparative analysis of specified indices (viability, thermostability) of plague live vaccine preparations, produced in accordance with different biotechnological production schemes, have been carried out. Shown is that the combination of optimal temperature for Yersinia pestis strain EV biomass propagation (21±1) °C as well as optimal concentration proportion of bacteria and stabilizer in suspension with decreased optical density and volume facilitates effectual moisture removal out of preparation, thus stabilizing microbial cells viability index in the process of storage.