Analysis of the epizootical situation in the North-West Mongolia and bordering regions of Russia has revealed the fact that plague agent of the main ssp., for the first time ever isolated in the Altai mountain natural plague focus in 2012, is imported from Serkh-Munkh-Khairkhan, which stands approximately 240 km away from it on the straight. It has been demonstrated that possibility of
Yersinia pestis ssp.
pestis transfer into the territory of Gorny Altai via slow natural migration of infected rodents, lagomorphs and their ectoparasites, as well as transmission by birds or terrestrial varmints in the mountainous environment over that large distance even within the period of several decades, is extremely negligible. The situation is conditioned by the presence of numerous physical-geographical barriers between the two regions involved and ecological peculiarities of the plague vectors and carriers. It is more likely that the agent of the main spp. has appeared in Gorny Altai due to the importation of infected fleas with isabelline wheatear ( Ocenanthe isabellina ) during a spring migration.

Experimental investigations have demonstrated that proventriculus of
Citellophilus tesquorum sungaris (population habitant in the territory of Trans-Baikal region) and
Xenopsylla cheopis (classical vector) is blocked in case of the infestation with the plague microbe strain isolated from humans in Manchuria (China) in 5,6 and 15,4 % of the instances, respectively. These ectoparasites transmit plague agent to white mice both when infected with plague microbe at the moment of clustered/group feeding, and when they have their proventriculus blocked at the moment of individual feeding. Taking into consideration ecology of the species of fleas under discussion and sensitivity of the local rodent population to plague microbe, one cannot exclude possibility of the local epizooty occurrence in the territory of Siberian and Far East regions in case of plague agent importation from China.

Carried out is a range of investigations aimed at the improvement of the anti-epidemic procedures for works with infectious disease agents (herein biological safety provision) in mobile laboratories of specialized anti-epidemic teams (SAET). Evaluation of the operational experience of stationary and field laboratories, as well as comparative analysis of the national safety requirements for works with pathogenic biological agents and WHO international regulations in the sphere of biological safety provision in laboratories, has made it possible to outline common for all types of microbiological laboratories principles for biosafety provision. With due consideration of these principles formulated are the core requirements for the provision of biological safety of SAET activities. Based on the results of biorisk and biohazard assessment which have to do with innovative mobile laboratories, worked out is a system of anti-epidemic procedures aimed towards establishment of the conditions that offer as low as practically achievable level of risk for personnel of SAET mobile laboratories, for population and human environment too. These practices, designed for biological safety provision among the personnel of mobile laboratories (ML), have been played back in a number of standard operational procedures. With a view to establishing of the environment with acceptable level of biorisk for the personnel and population when ML are used for various purposes and in various contingencies (in full force, single unit or several modules), worked out are the algorithms of decision-making support as regards selection of modules and optional accessories. However, there is a need for emergency response plans and training programs for the personnel on the provision of biosafety in ML to ensure and maintain acceptable level of biorisk connected with ML functioning.

It is commonly known that under gerbil population depression habitable colonies are preserved as groups with varying number of colonies. In this connection, objectives of the study have turned out to be determination of minimum threshold number as regards habitable colonies where plague microbe circulation takes place. With the help of the computer model for plague epizootic process development determined is the fact that plague epizooty can last for a long while within the group of 25 habitable great gerbil colonies under certain conditions. This measure is reasonably close to the known factual evidence concerning a number and distribution of colonies at the time of major population depression. Therewith, one can conclude that plague microbe circulation can take place even in the course of major great gerbil population depression.

The aim of the study is to investigate anthrax epizootiologic and epidemiologic situation in the Republic of Dagestan over the period of 1944–2010. Anthrax morbidity has been registered in 38 regions and Makhachkala. All in all 1001 anthrax cases and 3128 sick rural animals have been registered. Determined are 420 anthrax specified potentially hazardous areas (SPHA), the majority of them (77.4 %) have formed before 1969. Regions of the republic have been checked against the level of risk connected with anthrax infecting over the last 40 years. Therewith, they have been classified into three groups: with low, medium, and high epizootiological-and-epidemiological potential. 15 regions with high epizootiological-and-epidemiological potential have been marked as potentially hazardous on a regular basis. These regions occupy 31 % of the republic`s territory and 52.5 % of the SPHA territory. 84 % of patients and 88 % of fallen animals have been registered there for the past 40 years.

Mass gatherings (MGs) always incur some kind of potential hazard associated with incipiency of emergency situations with sanitary-epidemiological bias (ES). Upcoming Universiade (World Student Games) in Kazan (July, 2013) raises an issue of implementation of a unified system of approaches to the effective provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population, taking due account of peculiarities and specific conditions under which the MG will be conducted. Therewith key objective of this study has been formulated as elaboration of the system based on epidemiological assessment of real and potential threats at the MG. Analyzed have been the data on 37 MGs carried out over the period of 25 years since 1987 up to 2012; investigated is epidemiological situation in 170 participating states. Worked out is a scheme of qualitative determination of potential epidemiological threat on the basis of comprehensive assessment of epidemiological risks in the endemic territories of the troubled regions. Distinguished is a complex of measures for the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare when managing the Universiade in Kazan heedful of high potential epidemiological hazard of this event.

Studied is the nutrient demand for growth factors among 185
Yersinia pestis strains of the main and non-main subspecies ( altaica, caucasica, hissarica , and ulegeica ) isolated in 38 natural plague foci of Russia and neighboring states. Revealed is the fact that all the strains of Yersinia pestis main subspecies manifest equal dependence in growth on three amino-acids such as methionine, phenylalanine, and threonine, while strains isolated from certain natural foci have an additional demand for cysteine, leucine, and arginine. Strains of non-main subspecies differ in their nutrient requirements both from the strains of the main subspecies and among themselves. Strains of subspecies caucasica stand in need of thiamine and such amino-acids as phenylalanine, tyrosine and arginine; subspecies altaica – phenylalanine, arginine and leucine; subspecies hissarica – phenylalanine, leucine and methionine; ulegeica – phenylalanine. Detected is a number of mutations that lead to auxotrophy in
Yersinia pestis strains of different subspecies.

Analyzed are operational characteristic curves (ROC-curves) of solid-phase ELISA variants with immune sera to cellular and extracellular Burkholderia antigens with the aim to determine the most effective ones for
B. pseudomallei and
B. mallei antigen detection. It is shown that among solid-phase ELISA variants with immune sera to cellular and extracellular antigens, those with sera to homologous antigens are the most effective. Demonstrated is the possibility of application of solid-phase ELISA variants with immune sera to antigens of
B. thailandensis and
B. cepacia strains for identification and typing of glanders and melioidosis agents. Assessed are prospects of extracellular antigen application for differentiation between closely related species of “ pseudomallei ” group.

mc/ml. Additionally, this test-system has been proving for acquisition of sustainable results after 6 months of storing (the observation period). Medical trials of the panel of reagents “Monoclonal dot-immuno-enzyme test-system for tularemia microbe detection” have shown it to be a prospective preparation for implementation into the national healthcare practices both under stationary and field conditions.

Represented are the data on the key stages of laboratory diagnostics practices standardization as regards particularly dangerous infectious diseases and on the improvement of the normative-regulatory framework on the procedure for organization and carrying out laboratory diagnostics in accordance with three-level system. Worked out are the principles, scheme of indication and identification of pathogenic biological agents of emerging, previously unknown, and atypical microorganisms using modern computerized systems and high-tech equipment.

Research objective consisted in the development of a unified approach to the evaluation of severity of experimental tularemia disease based on the morphometric analysis. Experimental tularemia infection was morbidized in Guinea pigs, both female and male, using subcutaneous inoculation with virulent tularemia microbe cultures. Subsequent to the results of morphometric analysis, selected was a range of indicators characterizing intensiveness of dystrophy, necrobiotic and necrotic processes, infiltrate changes within cells and tissues of the infected animals to fullest extent, and reflecting a life-support system functioning state adequately. Thus, application of quantitative counting to distinguish the changes in experimental animals, while modeling specific infectious process, allowed for standardization and verification of severity evaluation approach and facilitated increase in quality of experimental investigations.

for ST-246 and NIOC-14 is within the range of 0,001-0,004 µg/ml, and IS for both of them is > 100000. In addition, ST-246 and NIOC-14 chemical compound efficacy, concentrated up to 0,0125; 0,025 and 0,05 µg/ml, in accordance with prophylactic charts describing an impact on ectromelia virus (EV) infectivity
in vitro, is consequently 0,6; 3 and 1 lg higher than in case of compound application after an hour of Vero cells infection with EV.

of MPV after 7 days postinfection, applying peroral administration once within 24 hours (24 hours before infection and 7 days after infection of mouse with 60 µg/g of a preparation). Displayed is the feasibility of using 8–15-days-old ICR mice (body weight 9–11 g) as an animal model for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of the preparations under development against Monkeypox and smallpox.

Demonstrated is the possibility of constructing of oral anti-cholera preparations based on sorption matrices with immobilized specific ligand. Various enterosorbents (activated charcoal, polysorb, polyfepan, and chitosan) have been used as sorption matrices, cholera antitoxic immunoglobulins (ATIg) – as specific ligands. Toxin-neutralizing activity of the ATIg immobilized on polysorb has been observed
in vivo in 1:64000 dilutions and that of ATIg immobilized on activated charcoal, polyfepan, and chitosan – in 1:32000. Their specific activity
in vitro has been defined in dot-blot immunoassay in 1:10000 and 1:5000 dilutions, respectively. High toxin-neutralizing activity, as well as specific one has proved the suitability of all tested matrices for antitoxic cholera enterosorbents constructing. However, polysorb and chitosan are accepted to be the most prospective matrices in view of the studied characteristics and properties. To stabilize the properties of the obtained experimental prototype sorbents, AT/Ig-polysorb and AT/Ig-chitosan, applied has been the method of liophilisation with glycocol stabilizer. Dried samples retain their original biological properties.

Investigated are immunochemical, chemical and biochemical properties of the O-antigen preparations obtained from
Vibrio cholerae M41 classical biovar, serotype Ogawa strain using standard manufacturing and improved technologies of their concentrating. The preparations have been concentrated by ultrafiltration in the mode of tangential liquid flow with membranes of various cut-off levels for a particular molar weight. ELISA has revealed equal O-antigen load in all of these preparations. Studies of specific fractures by means of chromatographic and electrophoretic methods have demonstrated their properties to be alike. Chemical composition analysis has also identified coincidence in the load of components under specification. Thus, it has been proved that application of the improved
V. cholerae protective antigen concentrating technology for manufacturing cholera chemical bivalent palletized vaccine is justified.

Designed is an experimental preparation of a prototype chemical tularemia vaccine (PCTV). It is composed of protective antigenic complex (PAC) of tularemia microbe and S-layer protein (Slp) of plague microbe. Determined is optimum ratio of these components in the preparation and schedule of its administration. Displayed are the results of its testing as regards physical-chemical properties, reactogenicity, specific activity and impact on the immune system of laboratory animals. It is found out that preparation of the prototype is non-toxic for white mice and Guinea pigs and has no damaging effect on their immune systems. Single-stage subcutaneous immunization with PCTV induces elaboration of high-level adaptive immunity in laboratory animals within 14–21 days: specific antibody generation and stimulation of immune system cell component. PCTV protective index for white mice in case of experimental tularemia, caused by
Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica, is 87,5 % on average; in case of infecting with
F. tularensis subsp. nearctica – 50 %; and high-level immunity in both cases. High potency of the experimental preparation against tularemia caused by subsp. holarctica (protective index is 75 %) and high-grade immunity persistence is verified on the model of Guinea pigs too.

Represented are the results of examination of the 42 patients with Q-fever using laser Doppler flowmetry. Based on the data obtained identified are the skin microcirculatory disorders among the patients depending on their age, gender, severity of the disease, and occurrence of complications. Laser Doppler flowmetry predictors can be used for earlier diagnostics, prognostication, and prophylaxis of complications as well as evaluation of the efficacy as regards an ongoing therapy in Q-fever patients.

per a recipient cell). pSa′ plasmid molds several topological shapes with variable electrophoretic mobility in
E. coli C600, while in tularemia microbe, this plasmid has only one shape. After the transfer of the plasmid from
E. coli cells into
F. tularensis cells each individual clone of tularemia microbe possesses a plasmid which differs in its electrophoretic mobility from plasmids of other clones.